Forestry MCQs

Option A: Carts, boats, tool handles

Option B: Ploughs harrows, props and furniture

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: ✔

Option A: Light constructional work, packing cases, water troughs

Option B: Furniture and fitting of boats, handles of cheap tools and buckets

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Carving and furniture making rifle stocks.

Option B: Cabinet making and veneer

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: For those developing countries not possessing significant oil or mineral wealth upon which to base their economic development

Option B: The output from the use of their land resources must, for the foreseeable future, form the basis for their economies

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: A crisis based on the changing price of oil and load shedding

Option B: The search for acceptable and practical alternative source of energy

Option C: The environmental effects of a continuing dependence on fossil fuels

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Forest resources are limited

Option B: About five percent of the country’s land is under forest cover

Option C: It is becoming increasing difficult to meet the demands of the growing populace for fuelwood, fodder, and agricultural implements

Option D: More than 60 percent of the land in Pakistan is either already affected or likely to be affected by desertification

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Forest and trees are intimately linked to agriculture

Option B: They play vital role in sustaining crop yields by helping to maintain the soil and water base

Option C: They provide a significant proportion of livestock feed

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The arid and semi-arid zones of the world, arid savannas of the tropics, the slopes of the mountains of the tropics

Option B: And subtropics and forest areas of the developing world under shifting cultivation have been described as ‘Fragile Ecosystems’

Option C: Because their equilibrium appears to be easily upset and because they become ecologically degraded if certain forms of land use

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The magnitude of the problem on terms of people and areas affected, which is unprecedented in history

Option B: The accelerating nature of the processes involved and the increasing irreversibility of their results

Option C: The lack of success (for socio-economic, cultural or ecological reasons) of most agriculture technologies from temperate regions to solve land-productivity problems over large areas of the topics

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Agroforestry and social forestry as land use

Option B: It is difficult to increase the forested area because suitable publicly owned lands are not available

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Tree might lessen the risk of hardship because of crop failure and whenever trees will allow farmers to accumulate capital or cash

Option B: Trees will help to spread production activities throughout the year, by staggering the harvests, providing products in dry seasons, or spreading the labour load

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Depletion of soil nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorous)

Option B: Soil degradation due to absence of soil cover at certain times

Option C: Inadequate fuel and food supplies

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: An agroforestry and social forestry approach to land use exists in areas

Option B: Where soil fertility is low and mainly depends on the soil organic matter fraction

Option C: Where erosion potential is high and where the incidence of surface soil desiccation is high

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: A branch of biology, which deals with external appearance or structure of plants

Option B: Every tree has parts: Crown, stem, and roots

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Conical

Option B: Umbrella

Option C: Spherical

Option D: Columnar

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Palm trees

Option B: Bamboo

Option C: Conifers

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: In young age crowns are usually conical in shape but as the time passes the crown shape becomes rounded

Option B: Drooping forms also occur in many species e.g. Polyalthia longifolia

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: in Most conifers, many species of bole dipterocarpus, Eucalyptus, Populus and Salmalia malabarica etc.

Option B: In Teak seedlings have no branches till their third growing season

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Sometimes two shoots appear at the same time, giving usually a larger crown but from the forester’s point of view, this is a most unsatisfactory bole

Option B: Forking is often caused by injuries such as those resulting from frost damage, wind or hail storms, insect attack, particularly by budwarm (Salmalia)

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Outer part – dead

Option B: Inner part – living (Cortext)

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: As a protective material against extreme conditions of temperature

Option B: If the temperature is very light or very cold whatever the case may be

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Such irregularity may be the result of epicormic branches

Option B: Also because of insect attack and genetical inheritance

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: It is generally characteristics of species, which are growing in a dry area

Option B: Are longer when present in a young coppice or shoot

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Pinus nigra – Japan

Option B: Euralyptus – Australia

Option C: Polunia – China

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Seedling

Option B: Sapling

Option C: Pole

Option D: Tree stages

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Form of roots

Option B: Root growth

Option C: Special roots

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Girdling method

Option B: Root pruning

Option C: Typing a knot

Option D: Grafting

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Weathering

Option B: Mechanical

Option C: Fire treatment

Option D: Water treatment

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Cultural operation are the operations undertaken for the completion

Option B: Or assistance of regeneration/afforestation

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Hundred percent successful stocking from the first sowing

Option B: Or planting out is rarely attained except with the more elaborate methods

Option C: The causalities have to be replaced to give good results

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Trees are raised with the preliminary object of helping a less hardy species

Option B: They are usually removed at an early stage as soon as they have served this purpose

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Crops of subsidiary species, (usually low shrubs but on occasion small trees or even herbs)

Option B: Intentionally introduced into a plantation with the primary object of restoring a cover to the soil as quickly as possible

Option C: It minimizing the known deterioration consequent on exposure

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: It is sometimes recommended for plantations as for natural regeneration to put a controlled ground fire through as soon as possible

Option B: As a fire protection measure where the fire risk is great, as often with chir pine

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Involved in uprooting weeds as compared with cutting them, has been the subject of experiments

Option B: Which indicate that local experience is necessary

Option C: As sometimes the gain is considerable, whilst at other times, perhaps mainly with light soil and only moderate weeds

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Suppression of weeds, by restricting the amount of light on the ground surface and thus hindering their germination and growth

Option B: Conservation of soil, by preventing erosion

Option C: Maintenance or improvement of soil structure, by eliminating or mitigating the severity of rain and wind action

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Enhanced humification and microbial activity leading to higher nutrient availability

Option B: Improvement of soil structure, by incorporation of plant residues and by encouraging soil fauna.

Option C: Mulching is of profound importance in dry regions

Option D: Even in more humid climates it may have very beneficial effects with certain species, e.g., the poplar

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Artificial mulches: Paper and plastic mulches

Option B: Natural mulches

Option C: Inorganic; soil mulch and stone mulch

Option D: Organic; branches, twigs and leaves, leaf litter, grass weed

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: As operations carried out for the benefit of a forest crop at any stage of its life between the seeding and mature stages

Option B: It essentially covers operations on the crop itself and on the competing vegetation

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: For continuous healthy development

Option B: A tree crop requires to be protected from pests and diseases

Option C: The individual trees must have adequate room to grow

Option D: If any infected trees are present

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: As a tending operation done in a seedling crop involving the removal

Option B: Cutting back of any sort of weed growth, even woody

Option C: That is interfering with then growth of the corp.

Option D: It merges with cleaning as the seedling grow into saplings

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: That denotes the removal of all plants competing with the crop species in seedling stages regardless of whether their crowns are above, beside

Option B: Or below those of the desirable trees

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: As a tending operation done in the sapling crop, particularly just before

Option B: With the first thinning, involving the removal

Option C: Cutting back of all inferior growth, climbers

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: There is no need to eliminate any plant that is not going to suppress, endanger

Option B: Or hamper the growth of a distinctly desirable member of the new stand

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Are a great menace to young regeneration

Option B: Must be closely watched

Option C: The course of a month or two

Option D: They may pull over the saplings, break the leading shoots

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Natural

Option B: Self-pruning

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Killing of the branches

Option B: Shedding of the dead branches

Option C: Occlusion or healing over of the branch stub

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The production of clear material on rotations shorter than that would be required with natural pruning

Option B: The necessary period of growth after treatment is rather long, so the practice ordinarily must be coupled with thinning to stimulate diameter growth

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: The contrary, properly conducted pruning is not harmful to the tree

Option B: Careless pruning can, however, cause injury to the bole, leaving wounds extending through the bark into the cambium and even to the wood

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Unnecessary haste

Option B: Use of improper tools

Option C: Pruning during the growing season when the bark is loose

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Pruning trees that are growing very slowly

Option B: Removing large branches

Option C: Eliminating too much of the live crown

Option D: Committing similar errors of judgment

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Choice of species

Option B: Choice of stand and site

Option C: Growth rate, size and age of tree to be pruned

Option D: Number and characteristics of tree to be pruned

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Initial cost

Option B: Mortality

Option C: Number of years remaining before harvest

Option D: Interest rate at which pruning cost is compounded

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: A felling made in an immature stand fox the purpose of improving the growth and form of the trees that remain, without permanently breaking the canopy

Option B: Cutting made in immature stands in order to stimulate the growth of the trees that remain and to increase the total yield of useful material from the stand are termed thinnings

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: To redistribute the growth potential of the stand to optimum advantage

Option B: To utilize all the merchantable material produced by the stand during the rotation

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Dominant trees (d)

Option B: Suppressed trees (s)

Option C: Dead and moribund trees (m)

Option D: Diseased trees (k)

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Predominant trees comprising all the largest trees which determine the general top level of the canopy

Option B: Codominant trees which fall short of this, averaging about 5/6th of the height of predominant

Option C: Trees with forked leader and similar defects

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Which do not form part of the upper most leaf canopy

Option B: But the leading shoots of which are not definitely overtopped by the neighbouring trees

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Which reach only about half to 5/8th of the height of the best trees with their leading shoots definitely overtopped by their neighbours

Option B: Al least shaded on all sides by the cm

Option C: A small tree of height typical of suppressed trees standing with its leader free in a chance gap should not be classed as D or D

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Bent over

Option B: Badly leaning trees usually of the whip type

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Dominant

Option B: Dominated and suppressed

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Low thinning or ordinary thinning

Option B: Crown thinnings or high thinning

Option C: Selection thinning

Option D: Mechanical thinning

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Trees are removed from the lower crown classes

Option B: In the highest grade of low thinnings only the suppressed trees would be removed

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Light Thinning (A-Grade)

Option B: Moderate Thinning (B-Grade)

Option C: Heavy Thinning (C-Grade)

Option D: Very Heavy Thinning (D-Grade)

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Trees are removed from the upper crown classes in order to open up the canopy

Option B: It favour the development of the most promising trees of the same classes

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: In principle from the two methods already discussed

Option B: The dominant trees are removed in order to stimulate the growth of the trees of the lower crown classes

Option C: The same kind of vigorous trees those are favoured in crown

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: They are restricting the development of their neighbours on all sides

Option B: They are less valuable than their neighbours

Option C: They are of no special importance with regard to desirable species mixture

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The trees to be cut or retained are chosen on the basis of a predetermined spacing

Option B: Or pattern with little or no regard for their position in the crown canopy

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: The attention is concentrated still further on the selection of the stems evenly spaced over the ground

Option B: Which are to be retained to maturity or till the last thinning or two

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: The increase in girth, diameter, basal area, height, volume, quality

Option B: Value of individual tree or crops during a given period

Option C: Utilizable portions of total woody growth goes on increasing

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Current annual increment (CAI)

Option B: Mean annual increment (MAI)

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Every year, the volume of a growing tree or of a stand of trees, increases by quantity

Option B: But periodic annual increment after 5/10 years is taken to be CAI

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Checking correctness of past management

Option B: Checking silvicultural or management practices

Option C: It also helps in finding rotation

Option D: Decision about optimum level of residual growing stock. It depends on rotation

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: From yield table

Option B: Estimation of movement rations from average diameter growth by diameter class

Option C: Increment determination by control method

Option D: Increment by continuous forest inventory (CFI)

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Future increment of even aged crop can be from valid yield table

Option B: Under stocked stands tend to approach fully stocked stands with increase in age, though more rapid growth than the latter

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Tree diameters include in a dia class in the present stand tables are distributed uniformly, about the class centre

Option B: Movement ration: Proportion of trees which will move onto next higher classes

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Estimation of movement ration from actual diameter growth of individual tree

Option B: 4 trees will remain in 6″ dia class

Option C: 5 trees will move to 7″ dia class

Option D: 6 trees will move to 8″ dia class

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: In Swiss, forest are managed intensively under selection system

Option B: Each compartment is enumerated 100% at 5-6 years intervals

Option C: Records are kept by compartments of all mortality and all cut trees in interval between two successive counts

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Used in USA and Canada

Option B: Large area under first, they can’t adopt other method

Option C: Sometime metallic rod is fixed in centre

Option D: Measured after 5 or 10 years

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: CFI is most accurate and determines growth under actual conditions

Option B: Unlike two way and stand table method, it does not rely on assumption that trees during next ten years will grow at same rate as they have grown in the past 10 years

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Use of forest resource at a constant level which it can sustain in perpetuity at a given intensity of management

Option B: Continuous supply of products from forests in existing stage

Option C: To facilitate organization and administration

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: It stresses the removal of only part of mature trees which is against economic and silvicultural grounds

Option B: If a forest is in a poor condition, sustained yield management will provide low regular yield

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: That forest which has reaches and maintains a practically attainable degree of perfection in all its parts for the full and continued satisfaction of objects of management

Option B: The provide sustained yield the growing stock must first be moulded to approach a model

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: It is an ideal against which an actual forest may be compared

Option B: Normal increment “the increment laid on by a normal forest”

Option C: Normal age class distribution “A complete series of age classes in such proportions as will permit equally yields by volume from annual or periodic felling under given rotation and silvicultural system

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Cannot be easily visualized as that of even-aged forests

Option B: To provide sustained yield annually, an unevenaged forest must have more trees in each of lower size classes

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: In selection forest, the stem numbers fell off from lower to higher dia classes in a geometric progression

Option B: So there was a constant ratio between numbers in successive dia classes from lowest to the highest

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Site: An area considered in terms of its environment, particularly as this determines the type and quality of vegetation the area can carry”

Option B: Exploitable sizes are attained much sooner on higher than on lower site qualities, enabling shorter rotations

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Volume per acre at rotation age

Option B: Physiology and soil

Option C: Ground vegetation

Option D: Height of dominant and co-dominant trees

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Species composition

Option B: Stocking and density

Option C: Optimum stocking level

Option D: Age and size

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Stocking: Is a qualitative term, which designates the relative occupation of the site by trees

Option B: Stand density: A quantitative measure of tree stocking, expressed either relatively as a co-efficient, taking normal numbers, basal area

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: A loose term generally to the determination of yield and prescribed means of achieving it

Option B: Yield includes final yield and intermediate yield

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: To protect measure trees from wastage

Option B: Molding growing stock into efficient machine

Option C: Optimum and regular yield

Option D: To meet the demand of the people

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Area method

Option B: Periodic yield and regeneration block (Cotta Formula)

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Hunder Shagen

Option B: Van Mantle

Option C: Blan Ford formulae

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Actual annual yield (Ya) in a forest should bear the same relationship to volume of actual growing stock (Va)

Option B: The normal annual yield (Yn) does to volume of normal growing stock (Vn)

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Based on idea of relationship between volume

Option B: Increment Mental in 1852 formulated it

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Number of trees in each size class

Option B: Passage of time from one dia class to another dia class

Option C: Casualty percentage

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: It is not a method of yield regulation but a method of repeated inventories in un-even-aged forests

Option B: Continuous record of history of growing stock, its volume

Option C: Size class distribution, causalities and increment

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Natural body which is composed of a mixture of organic and inorganic matter in which plants and other living organism grow

Option B: The unconsolidated mineral material on the surface of earth that serves as natural medium for land plants

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Productive capacity

Option B: Supporting power

Option C: Monitor storage capacity

Option D: Nutrients availability

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Soil structure

Option B: Soil texture

Option C: Porosity

Option D: Soil colour

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔