Option A: For those developing countries not possessing significant oil or mineral wealth upon which to base their economic development
Option B: The output from the use of their land resources must, for the foreseeable future, form the basis for their economies
Option C: Both (a) & (b)
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔
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Option A: A crisis based on the changing price of oil and load shedding
Option B: The search for acceptable and practical alternative source of energy
Option C: The environmental effects of a continuing dependence on fossil fuels
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Forest resources are limited
Option B: About five percent of the country’s land is under forest cover
Option C: It is becoming increasing difficult to meet the demands of the growing populace for fuelwood, fodder, and agricultural implements
Option D: More than 60 percent of the land in Pakistan is either already affected or likely to be affected by desertification
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Forest and trees are intimately linked to agriculture
Option B: They play vital role in sustaining crop yields by helping to maintain the soil and water base
Option C: They provide a significant proportion of livestock feed
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: The arid and semi-arid zones of the world, arid savannas of the tropics, the slopes of the mountains of the tropics
Option B: And subtropics and forest areas of the developing world under shifting cultivation have been described as ‘Fragile Ecosystems’
Option C: Because their equilibrium appears to be easily upset and because they become ecologically degraded if certain forms of land use
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: The magnitude of the problem on terms of people and areas affected, which is unprecedented in history
Option B: The accelerating nature of the processes involved and the increasing irreversibility of their results
Option C: The lack of success (for socio-economic, cultural or ecological reasons) of most agriculture technologies from temperate regions to solve land-productivity problems over large areas of the topics
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Agroforestry and social forestry as land use
Option B: It is difficult to increase the forested area because suitable publicly owned lands are not available
Option C: Both (a) & (b)
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔
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Option A: Tree might lessen the risk of hardship because of crop failure and whenever trees will allow farmers to accumulate capital or cash
Option B: Trees will help to spread production activities throughout the year, by staggering the harvests, providing products in dry seasons, or spreading the labour load
Option C: Both (a) & (b)
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔
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Option A: Depletion of soil nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorous)
Option B: Soil degradation due to absence of soil cover at certain times
Option C: Inadequate fuel and food supplies
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: An agroforestry and social forestry approach to land use exists in areas
Option B: Where soil fertility is low and mainly depends on the soil organic matter fraction
Option C: Where erosion potential is high and where the incidence of surface soil desiccation is high
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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