Watershed And Range Management MCQs

Option A: To cope with country’s energy crises

Option B: Appropriate funds must be allocated

Option C: Alternatives must be provided to the local community

Option D: Evolve a long watershed policy for conserving the country’s watershed

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: An increase in agricultural production which maintains the quantity of affordable food available to majority of population

Option B: Increasing or maintaining standard of buying of growig population

Option C: Increasing Gross National Product and employment opportunities in all areas of nation

Option D: Reduce siltation in the major reservoirs like Tarbela & Mangla Dams

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The importance of integrating the resource bae and sound land use within the web of the catchments making up Pakistan rivers

Option B: The production of quality water at the right time & place is a extremely important function of uplans

Option C: There is little r public investment o projects related to dams, irrigation, canals and road construction except for governmental funded project

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Albedo

Option B: Alluvial fans

Option C: Alluvium

Option D: Aquiclude

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The ratio of the amount of solar radiation (or visible range of radiation) reflected by a surface

Option B: The amount incident on it, also expressed as a percentage

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Where a stream flow into a larger main valley

Option B: Suddenly free to spread out

Option C: The stream slow down, loses energy

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Alluvium

Option B: Alluvival Fans

Option C: Albedo

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Alluvium ✔

Option A: Alluvium

Option B: Alluvival Fans

Option C: Aquiclude

Option D: Albedo

Correct Answer: Aquiclude ✔

Option A: Aquifer

Option B: Alluvival Fans

Option C: Aquiclude

Option D: Albedo

Correct Answer: Aquifer ✔

Option A: Precipitation

Option B: Canopy interaction

Option C: Thorough fall

Option D: Stem flow

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Solid density increase, f increase

Option B: As degree of aggregation increases f increases

Option C: Soil frost, reduces “f”

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Direct measurement in water artificially applied

Option B: Indirect method: several empirical methods have been developed toestimate total infiltration in a catchment

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Natural burning due to lightening

Option B: Accidental burning due to negligence

Option C: Prescribed burning due to for land manufacturing

Option D: Prescribed burning due to for land manufacturing

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Ground fire

Option B: Stem fire

Option C: Crown fire

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Intensity of fire and its duration

Option B: Type of vegetation

Option C: Intensity and time of precipitation

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Change of species

Option B: Human and litter is burnt

Option C: Soil loss, surface run off and peak flow are increased

Option D: Infiltration capacity is decreased

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Practices for soil protection and flood control

Option B: Practices for increasing water yield

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Afforestation with soil stabilization

Option B: Protection from fire and grazing and cutting tree insect attack

Option C: Delay in snow melting

Option D: Encourage deep-rooted plants

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Soil stabilization

Option B: Keep minimum vegetation

Option C: Favour, shallow rooted species

Option D: Convert forest to other species and land uses

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Vegetation

Option B: Engineering structures

Option C: Check dams

Option D: Diversion channels

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Land consideration: Land is divided into small pieces of different owners

Option B: Land classification: Should be done according to (i) Permeability (ii) Percentage of cover (iii) Type of vegetation cover

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Preparation of seed beds for established of plants

Option B: To eliminate weed competition

Option C: To replace soil layer by fresh layer soil

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Mulch tillage

Option B: Contour cultivation

Option C: Tie Ridging

Option D: Sub-soiling

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Intercropping

Option B: Strip cropping

Option C: Rotation cropping

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: ✔

Option A: It is quantity of water flowing in the stream or channel

Option B: Quantity, quality and timing of water yields are mostly affected by man

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Cusecs: flow of cubic feet per second

Option B: Cumecs: flow of cubic meter per second

Option C: Acre feet: volume of water required to cover one acre to a depth of one feet

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Channel interception or direct precipitation over the steam rain flow incident

Option B: Surface run-off

Option C: Sub-surface flow or inter-flow

Option D: Base flow

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Seasonal flow: It is produced in direct response to rainfall as steam lies above water table. The channel is called influent

Option B: Intermittent flow: This flow is sustained for extended periods of time during rainy or snow melt season

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: When discharge is plotted over time in minutes, hours

Option B: Days resulting curve is known as hydrograph

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Q = AV

Option B: A = Cross Sectional Area

Option C: V = Velocity of Water

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Flood flower peak discharge: Max quality or height (stage) of water during a period

Option B: Flood stage: High water level human property or which overflows the normal banks of a stream

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Local floods and their frequency is increased

Option B: Denudation is watershed

Option C: Compaction of soil and decrease in inf rate

Option D: Rainfall pattern

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Long rain floods

Option B: Snow melt floods

Option C: Slash floods (high rains)

Option D: Tidal flood

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Flood data of past is collected and arranged in descending order

Option B: Ranking of observation is carried out

Option C: Probability of occurrence of certain flood is known

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Those areas of the world which by reason of physical limitation, low and erratic precipitation, rough topography, poor drainage

Option B: Extreme temperature are unsuited to cultivation

Option C: A source of wood products, water and wildlife

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Due to bioclimatic variations, the range vegetation varies from one area to other

Option B: Range condition of the areas also varies from site to site

Option C: Alpine pastures and northern mountain ranges are comparatively in fair to good condition

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The biological techniques like stabilization of sand dunes should be expanded over to other ranges also

Option B: Range lands provide habitat for the conservation of wildlife and preservation of other natural resources

Option C: New innovations like urea molasses etc may help in meeting nutritional requirements of the livestock

Option D: Research on range lands must be augmented

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Landscape and environment

Option B: Land use

Option C: Range types

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Dir

Option B: Chitral

Option C: Swat

Option D: Gilgit

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Karakrum

Option B: Hindu Kush

Option C: Pamir

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: K2

Option B: Nanga Parbat

Option C: Kakaposhi

Option D: Trichmir

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The foothill ranges

Option B: Dry temperate ranges

Option C: Valley depression grazing land

Option D: Alpine pastures

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Siran

Option B: Kaghan

Option C: Neelam

Option D: Jhelum

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Acacia modesta

Option B: Capparis aphylla

Option C: Salvadora oleoides

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Acacia modesta

Option B: Gymnosporea royleama

Option C: Zizyphus nummularia

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: olea sp

Option B: colitis sp

Option C: Acacia modesta

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Over an area of 2.6 million ha

Option B: The tract is bound by the piedmont of the Salt Range in the north

Option C: The Indus River flood plains in the west and Jhelum and Chenab Rivers flood plains in the east

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: 1 m ha

Option B: 2 m ha

Option C: 3 m ha

Option D: 4 m ha

Correct Answer: 1 m ha ✔

Option A: Dunes

Option B: Slopes

Option C: Foot of dunes flats

Option D: Kankor sites

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The Sulaiman range and the Indus River over an area of 0.5 million ha

Option B: Average slope is gentle

Option C: A few sand dunes are also found

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Sub-mountainous area

Option B: Sub-tropical area

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Bahawalpur

Option B: Rahim Yar khan

Option C: Bahawalnagar

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: 2.7 million ha

Option B: 2.8 million ha

Option C: 2.9 million ha

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 2.7 million ha ✔

Option A: Subrecent river plain

Option B: The first sandy terrace above the Hakra River (late pleistocene)

Option C: The second sandy terrace above the Kakra River plain (late pleistocene)

Option D: The third sandy terrace above the Hakra River plain (middle pleistocene)

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Exrophytic tree

Option B: Shrubs

Option C: Grasses

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Lasiurus sindicus / Haloxylon salicornicum

Option B: Eleusine compressa/Haloxylon salicornicum

Option C: Haloxylon recurvum/salsola foetida and suaeda fruticosa

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Tharparkar

Option B: Sanghar

Option C: Mirpur Khas

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: 2.65

Option B: 2.7

Option C: 2.75

Option D: 2.8

Correct Answer: 2.65 ✔

Option A: Sand dunes

Option B: Valleys

Option C: Flat alluvial plains

Option D: Rocky hills

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Karachi

Option B: Thatta

Option C: Dadu

Option D: Lasbela

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: 2.3 million

Option B: 2.4 million

Option C: 2.5 million

Option D: 2.6 million

Correct Answer: 2.3 million ✔

Option A: Dryland farming

Option B: Wildlife habitat

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Topography

Option B: Soil type and relief

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Trees/Shrubs: Acacia nilotics, A. Senegal, Barleria acanthoides, Calotropis procera

Option B: Grasses: Aristida adscensionis, A. Nutabilis Cenchrus ciliaris, C. Biflorus

Option C: Forbs: Aerva tomentosa, Cassia holosericea, Convolvulus glomeratus, Crotolaria biforia

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: 34.73 million ha

Option B: 46.50 million ha

Option C: 56.80 million ha

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 34.73 million ha ✔

Option A: 45

Option B: 50

Option C: 55

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 50 ✔

Option A: Sulaiman

Option B: Toba-Kakar

Option C: Central Brahui

Option D: Kirthar

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Siahan

Option B: Pab

Option C: Central Makran

Option D: Makran Coast

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Juniperus excelsa

Option B: Pistacia

Option C: Fraxinus

Option D: Caragana

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Central Baluchistan ranges

Option B: Western Baluchistan ranges

Option C: Eastern Baluchistan ranges

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: 1.5 million ha

Option B: 2 million ha

Option C: 2.5 million ha

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 1.5 million ha ✔

Option A: 1000 and 2000 m

Option B: 1540 and 3400 m

Option C: 2000 and 4000 m

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 1540 and 3400 m ✔

Option A: From 200 to 250 mm

Option B: From 300 to 400 mm

Option C: From 400 to 500 mm

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: From 200 to 250 mm ✔

Option A: Agricultural productivity

Option B: Improvement of land

Option C: Growth of weeds

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Agricultural productivity ✔

Option A: Plant introduction trials

Option B: Range reseeding

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Cheapest and slow process of rehabilitating depleted rangelands

Option B: Costly and fast process of rehabilitating depleted rangelands

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Cheapest and slow process of rehabilitating depleted rangelands ✔

Option A: Reducing stocking rates

Option B: Changing season of use, initiating special grazing systems

Option C: Proper distribution of livestock

Option D: Additional water development and protecting of the area from livestock grazing for longer periods

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Potohar

Option B: Cholistan

Option C: River side

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Potohar ✔

Option A: When natural vegetation cannot recover within a short period and there are few desirable species

Option B: In grassy plains

Option C: In flooded areas

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: When natural vegetation cannot recover within a short period and there are few desirable species ✔

Option A: Proper selection of range sites

Option B: Choice of ecologically suitable species

Option C: Use of mixture

Option D: Elimination of plant competition

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Soil moisture and nutrients for plant growth are adequate

Option B: In grassy lands

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Soil moisture and nutrients for plant growth are adequate ✔

Option A: 300 mm

Option B: 400 mm

Option C: 500 mm

Option D: 600 mm

Correct Answer: 300 mm ✔

Option A: Very firm below seeding depth

Option B: Well pulverized and mellow on top

Option C: Not cloddy or puddled

Option D: Free from plant competition

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Cenchrus ciliaris

Option B: Lasiurus sindicus

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Pothwar

Option B: Himalayan forest grazing land

Option C: Salt range

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Arid areas

Option B: Semiarid areas

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Rivers

Option B: Perennial springs

Option C: Seepage water for livestock

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Thal

Option B: Cholistan

Option C: Thar

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Himalayan forest grazing areas

Option B: Pothwar scrub ranges

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Northern

Option B: Western Baluchistan ranges

Option C: Southern

Option D: Eastern

Correct Answer: Northern ✔

Option A: Sand accumulates

Option B: Sand deposited

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: 5 meters

Option B: 10 meters

Option C: 20 meters

Option D: 30 meters

Correct Answer: 10 meters ✔

Option A: Communication system

Option B: Human health

Option C: Cultivation

Option D: Animal health

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Multan

Option B: Bahawalpur

Option C: Sahiwal

Option D: Rawalpindi

Correct Answer: Bahawalpur ✔

Option A: Range burning

Option B: Water spreading

Option C: Sand dune fixation

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Range burning ✔

Option A: Increase the palatability of forages and removal of old, dead material, thus increasing utilization by grazing animals

Option B: Suppression of undesirable brush plant

Option C: Preventing invasion of inferior species and to start grass growth 1-3 weeks earlier on fresh burns

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: 50 percent

Option B: 60 percent

Option C: 70 percent

Option D: 80 percent

Correct Answer: 50 percent ✔

Option A: Use of chemical fertilizer in rangelands is considered an uneconomical luxury

Option B: This is probably true in the arid and semi-arid rangelands

Option C: Both (a) & (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both (a) & (b) ✔

Option A: Increasing the supply of forage and fodder

Option B: Development of the under-developed rangelands

Option C: Maintenance of the quality of human environment and its improvement

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: All range lands of Pakistan be developed/managed primarily for livestock production consistent with multiple land use concept

Option B: Independent and effective organisations be created at provincial as well as central levels to develop and manage vast rangelands resources

Option C: The survey of record of rights, where it has not been carried out yet, be taken in hand as quickly as possible

Option D: Preparation of livestock feeds from agro-industrial wastes and by-products be encourages

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔