Physiology MCQs

Option A: P50 and oxygen affinity decrease

Option B: P 50 and oxygen affinity increase

Option C: P 50 decreases and the oxygen affinity increases

Option D: P50 increase and the oxygen affinity decreases

Correct Answer: P 50 and oxygen affinity increase ✔

Option A: Decrease in arterial carbon dioxide level

Option B: Increase in arterial carbon dioxide level

Option C: Increase in arterial oxygen level

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: Increase in arterial carbon dioxide level ✔

Option A: Rise in temperature

Option B: Rise in carbon dioxide tension

Option C: Rise in pH

Option D: Rise in H+ ion

Correct Answer: Rise in pH ✔

Option A: Tidal volume

Option B: Respiratory rate

Option C: Alveolar ventilation

Option D: FEV 1

Correct Answer: FEV 1 ✔

Option A: Cyanosis

Option B: Dyspnea

Option C: Hypercapnia

Option D: Hypoxia

Correct Answer: Hypercapnia ✔

Option A: More negative

Option B: Less negative

Option C: Positive

Option D: Equal to the intra alveolar pressure

Correct Answer: More negative ✔

Option A: ADH secretion in collecting duct

Option B: Constant solute load on distal tubule

Option C: Macula densa

Option D: Balance between ascending and descending loop of henle

Correct Answer: Constant solute load on distal tubule ✔

Option A: PCT

Option B: DCT

Option C: Loop of henle

Option D: Vasa recta

Correct Answer: PCT ✔

Option A: 250

Option B: 800

Option C: 1260

Option D: 1500

Correct Answer: 1260 ✔

Option A: HCO3-

Option B: Na+

Option C: CL-

Option D: PO4-2

Correct Answer: Na+ ✔

Option A: G.F.R

Option B: Renal plasma flow

Option C: Creatinine clearance

Option D: P.A.H. clearance

Correct Answer: G.F.R ✔

Option A: Aldosterone

Option B: Angiotensin II

Option C: Vasopressin

Option D: Epinephrine

Correct Answer: Epinephrine ✔

Option A: Inulin and mannitol

Option B: Urea and diodrast

Option C: PAH and Phenol red

Option D: Inulin and PAH

Correct Answer: Inulin and PAH ✔

Option A: Low

Option B: High

Option C: Same

Option D: Greatly increased

Correct Answer: Low ✔

Option A: Sodium

Option B: Potassium

Option C: Bicarbonate

Option D: Ammonia

Correct Answer: Sodium ✔

Option A: Loop of Henle

Option B: Distal convoluted tubule

Option C: Collecting duct

Option D: Proximal segment

Correct Answer: Proximal segment ✔

Option A: Plasma oncotic pressure is increased

Option B: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is decreased

Option C: Tubular hydrostatic pressure is increased

Option D: Increased renal blood flow

Correct Answer: Increased renal blood flow ✔

Option A: One million

Option B: Two million

Option C: Four million

Option D: ½ million

Correct Answer: One million ✔

Option A: 1.5 l/day

Option B: 3 l/day

Option C: 0.5 l/day

Option D: 2 l/day

Correct Answer: 1.5 l/day ✔

Option A: 100%

Option B: 0%

Option C: 60%

Option D: 50%

Correct Answer: 100% ✔

Option A: More reabsorption in the PCT

Option B: More concentration in loop of Henle

Option C: More reabsorption of DCT and collecting ducts

Option D: All of these

Correct Answer: All of these ✔

Option A: PAH

Option B: Urea

Option C: Inulin

Option D: Glucose

Correct Answer: Inulin ✔

Option A: Renin

Option B: Erythropoietin

Option C: Vasopressin

Option D: 1,2,5 Dihydroxy cholecalciferol

Correct Answer: Vasopressin ✔

Option A: Urea

Option B: Chloride

Option C: Bicarbonate ion

Option D: Carbohydrate

Correct Answer: Bicarbonate ion ✔

Option A: Increase in renal blood flow

Option B: Increase in glomerular filtration rate

Option C: Increase in NaCl concentration in urine

Option D: Decrease in reabsorption of Na Cl

Correct Answer: Decrease in reabsorption of Na Cl ✔

Option A: 180 mg/dl

Option B: 325 mg/dl

Option C: 375 mg/dl

Option D: 375 mg/dl

Correct Answer: 375 mg/dl ✔

Option A: Anterior pituitary

Option B: Posterior pituitary

Option C: Adrenal cortex

Option D: Adrenal medulla

Correct Answer: Adrenal cortex ✔

Option A: Proximal tubule

Option B: Descending limb of loop of Henle

Option C: Ascending limb of loop of Henle

Option D: Collecting tubule

Correct Answer: Ascending limb of loop of Henle ✔

Option A: Henle’s loop

Option B: Distal tubule

Option C: Proximal tubule

Option D: Collecting duct

Correct Answer: A. Henle’s loop ✔

Option A: Proximal tubule

Option B: Loop of Henle

Option C: Vasa recta

Option D: Collecting tubule

Correct Answer: Collecting tubule ✔

Option A: Mannitol

Option B: Glycerol

Option C: Urea

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: PCT

Option B: DCT

Option C: Afferent arteriole

Option D: Efferent arteriole

Correct Answer: DCT ✔

Option A: Combining H+ with Cl- to form Hcl

Option B: Combining H+ and HCO3- via enzyme carbonic anhydrase

Option C: Trapping H+ by acetate

Option D: Trapping H+ by NH3+

Correct Answer: Trapping H+ by NH3+ ✔

Option A: Creatinine indicates glomerular filtration rate

Option B: Inulin is lower than that of urea

Option C: Chloride increases after in injection of aldosterone

Option D: PAH continues to rise as the plasma concentration of PAH increases

Correct Answer: PAH continues to rise as the plasma concentration of PAH increases ✔

Option A: Na is absorbed actively in descending loop of Henle

Option B: 60 to 70% of GFR is absorbed in proximal tubule

Option C: Absorption of water occurs in ascending loop of Henle

Option D: The filtrate reaching distal convoluted tubule is hypertonic with respect to surroundings

Correct Answer: 60 to 70% of GFR is absorbed in proximal tubule ✔

Option A: K+

Option B: Na+

Option C: Glucose

Option D: NH4+

Correct Answer: Na+ ✔

Option A: Cardiac failure

Option B: Low Na+ in proximal tubule

Option C: Sympathetic stimulation

Option D: High Na+ in proximal tubule

Correct Answer: High Na+ in proximal tubule ✔

Option A: 100 ml/min

Option B: 125 ml/min

Option C: 150 ml/min

Option D: 175 ml/min

Correct Answer: 125 ml/min ✔

Option A: <70,000 Mol.wt

Option B: Bound to plasma protein

Option C: Secreted by the tubules

Option D: Completely filtered by glomerulus

Correct Answer: Completely filtered by glomerulus ✔

Option A: 180 mg / dl

Option B: 100 mg/dl

Option C: 120 mg/dl

Option D: 80 mg/dl

Correct Answer: 180 mg / dl ✔

Option A: PCT

Option B: DCT

Option C: Loop of henle

Option D: None

Correct Answer: PCT ✔

Option A: Nephron

Option B: Glomerulus

Option C: Collecting ducts

Option D: Loop of Henle

Correct Answer: Nephron ✔

Option A: Bowman’s capsule

Option B: Proximal convoluted tubule

Option C: Distal convoluted tubule

Option D: Loop of Henle

Correct Answer: Proximal convoluted tubule ✔

Option A: Ureter

Option B: Major calyx

Option C: Minor calyx

Option D: Renal pyramid

Correct Answer: Minor calyx ✔

Option A: Sympathetic stimulation

Option B: Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the proximal tubules

Option C: Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the distal tubules

Option D: Fall in the BP

Correct Answer: Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the proximal tubules ✔

Option A: Serum creatinine

Option B: Serum phosphatase

Option C: Inulin test

Option D: Insulin test

Correct Answer: Inulin test ✔

Option A: Dysuria

Option B: Nocturia

Option C: Oliguria

Option D: Plyuria

Correct Answer: Oliguria ✔

Option A: Propagation

Option B: All or none law

Option C: Depolarization

Option D: Hyper polarization

Correct Answer: Depolarization ✔

Option A: Cell

Option B: Plasma

Option C: Interstitium

Option D: Bone

Correct Answer: Cell ✔

Option A: Na effux

Option B: Na influx

Option C: K efflux

Option D: K influx

Correct Answer: K efflux ✔

Option A: Cylindrical

Option B: Transverse striation

Option C: Centrally placed nuclei

Option D: Multiple nuclei

Correct Answer: Centrally placed nuclei ✔

Option A: Failure of acetylcholine to diffuse

Option B: Failure of ATP supply

Option C: Failure of break down of calcium bridges

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: Failure of ATP supply ✔

Option A: Is not essential for contraction to occur

Option B: Has a prolonged plateau phase?

Option C: Spreads in ward to all parts of the muscle via the t- tubule system

Option D: Begins with an, in ward movement of K+ ins

Correct Answer: Spreads in ward to all parts of the muscle via the t- tubule system ✔

Option A: To study muscle activity

Option B: Determine class II malocclusion

Option C: Determine the centric relation

Option D: Determine the centric occlusion

Correct Answer: To study muscle activity ✔

Option A: Contracts when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Option B: Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten

Option C: Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin

Option D: Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin

Correct Answer: Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin ✔

Option A: Sarcolemma

Option B: Sarcoplasm

Option C: Myofibril

Option D: Endomysium

Correct Answer: Myofibril ✔

Option A: Contraction of skeletal muscle

Option B: Decrease of heart rate

Option C: Secretion of saliva

Option D: Contraction of pupils

Correct Answer: Contraction of skeletal muscle ✔

Option A: Troponin

Option B: Myosin

Option C: Actin

Option D: Protein- C

Correct Answer: Troponin ✔

Option A: Contracts when calcium is taken up by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Option B: Contracts when actin and myosin filaments shorten

Option C: Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin

Option D: Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to tropomyosin

Correct Answer: Contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin ✔

Option A: Extracellular Ca+2

Option B: Sarcoplasmic ca+2

Option C: Extracellular Na+

Option D: Intracellular Na+

Correct Answer: Extracellular Ca+2 ✔

Option A: Inhibitory post synaptic potential

Option B: Miniature end plate potential

Option C: Action potential

Option D: End plate potential

Correct Answer: Miniature end plate potential ✔

Option A: Net current in an outward direction

Option B: Cell interior becomes more negative

Option C: Cell interior becomes less negative

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: Cell interior becomes less negative ✔

Option A: Skeletal and cardiac

Option B: Smooth and cardiac

Option C: Smooth and skeletal

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: white and brown

Option B: White and yellow

Option C: White and gray

Option D: White and red

Correct Answer: White and red ✔

Option A: Insufficient neurotransmitter

Option B: Depletion of intracellular Na+

Option C: Inactivation of Na+ k+ ATPase

Option D: Voltage inactivation of the Na+ channel

Correct Answer: Voltage inactivation of the Na+ channel ✔

Option A: Adaptation

Option B: Accommodation

Option C: Refractoriness

Option D: Electrotonus

Correct Answer: Accommodation ✔

Option A: Laryngeal muscles

Option B: Pharyngeal muscles

Option C: Muscles of middle ear

Option D: Extraocular muscles

Correct Answer: Laryngeal muscles ✔

Option A: Inhibiting cholinesterase

Option B: Inhibiting the CNS

Option C: Depolarizing the motor end plate of skeletal muscle

Option D: Blocking the release of acetyl choline at the end plate

Correct Answer: Depolarizing the motor end plate of skeletal muscle ✔

Option A: Pumps Na against a gradient

Option B: 5 Na+ exchanged for 2K+

Option C: Increase in intracellular Na

Option D: Hypocalcemia inhibits the pump

Correct Answer: 5 Na+ exchanged for 2K+ ✔

Option A: A flexor muscle and an extensor muscle

Option B: A single skeletal muscle and all the motor peurons that supply it

Option C: A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Option D: All the motor neurons in which response are observed after maximal stimulation of a single sensory nerve

Correct Answer: A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates ✔

Option A: Dopamine

Option B: Epinephrine

Option C: Nor epinephrine

Option D: Acetylcholine

Correct Answer: Acetylcholine ✔

Option A: there is lack of acetyl choline

Option B: Lack of acetyl choline receptors

Option C: There is isometric contraction

Option D: Muscles are rigid and tough

Correct Answer: Lack of acetyl choline receptors ✔

Option A: Tomes fibers

Option B: Interstitial fibers

Option C: Sharpey’s fibers

Option D: Haversian fibers

Correct Answer: C. Sharpey’s fibers ✔

Option A: The muscle moves a load through a distance

Option B: The muscle is not able to move the load

Option C: The latent period of contraction is shorter than isometric contraction

Option D: The length of muscle is increased

Correct Answer: The muscle moves a load through a distance ✔

Option A: EEG

Option B: EMG

Option C: Venn diagram

Option D: ECG

Correct Answer: EMG ✔

Option A: Surface electrode

Option B: Round electrode

Option C: Hook electrode

Option D: Needle electrode

Correct Answer: Surface electrode ✔

Option A: H band

Option B: Sarcoplasm

Option C: Sarcomere

Option D: A line

Correct Answer: Sarcomere ✔

Option A: Actin

Option B: Myosin

Option C: Troponin

Option D: Tropomyosin

Correct Answer: Troponin ✔

Option A: Alkaline phosphatase

Option B: Osteocalcin

Option C: Procollagen marker

Option D: Hydroxy proline

Correct Answer: Hydroxy proline ✔

Option A: Endophyseal plates

Option B: Ectophyeseal plates

Option C: Epiphyseal plates

Option D: Chondrophyseal plates

Correct Answer: Ectophyeseal plates ✔

Option A: Enters the uterine cavity

Option B: Comes in contact with zone pellucida

Option C: Penetrates corona radiate

Option D: Penetrates cell membrane of oocyte

Correct Answer: Comes in contact with zone pellucida ✔

Option A: Obesity

Option B: Hyperthyroidism

Option C: Feeding

Option D: Exercise

Correct Answer: Obesity ✔

Option A: There are gaps between tight junctions at the active sites

Option B: There are no gaps between active sites

Option C: Less activity in the membrane

Option D: Fibronectin provides a barrier for diffusion

Correct Answer: There are gaps between tight junctions at the active sites ✔

Option A: Prefrontal cortex

Option B: Hippocampus

Option C: Neocortex

Option D: Amygdala

Correct Answer: Hippocampus ✔

Option A: Stensons duct

Option B: common bile duct

Option C: Naso lacrimal duct

Option D: maxillary Sinus

Correct Answer: Naso lacrimal duct ✔

Option A: Senses dynamic length of muscle

Option B: Involved in reciprocal innervation

Option C: a- motor neuron stimulation

Option D: Sense muscle tension

Correct Answer: Sense muscle tension ✔

Option A: Somatostatin

Option B: Calcitonin

Option C: Substance P

Option D: Glycine

Correct Answer: Glycine ✔

Option A: Decreased level of prothrombin

Option B: Lack of vitamin K

Option C: Platelet deficiency

Option D: Lack of vitamin B

Correct Answer: Decreased level of prothrombin ✔

Option A: That the cell is resting

Option B: that the cell is active

Option C: nothing

Option D: that the cell is in transition phase

Correct Answer: that the cell is active ✔

Option A: There is immediate increase in venous return

Option B: Heart rate becomes stable at slightly more than normal

Option C: Cerebral blood flow increase & becomes stable at more than normal

Option D: Blood flow to the Apex of lung decrease

Correct Answer: There is immediate increase in venous return ✔

Option A: Guanine

Option B: Cytosine

Option C: Thymine

Option D: Uracil

Correct Answer: Thymine ✔

Option A: 3.5 seconds

Option B: 1-1.5 seconds

Option C: 6.0 seconds

Option D: 9.5 seconds

Correct Answer: 1-1.5 seconds ✔

Option A: RNA contains ribose

Option B: DNA carries the information in all organizations

Option C: DNA is localized in nucleus

Option D: RNA does not contain thymine

Correct Answer: DNA carries the information in all organizations ✔

Option A: Oncotic pressure

Option B: Drug transport

Option C: Toxic transport

Option D: Coagulation

Correct Answer: Oncotic pressure ✔

Option A: Plasma cell

Option B: Mast cell

Option C: Nerve terminal

Option D: Vascular endothelium

Correct Answer: Nerve terminal ✔

Option A: Structural changes in rhodopsin

Option B: Activation of transducin

Option C: Decreased intracellular cGMP

Option D: Opening of Na+ channels

Correct Answer: Opening of Na+ channels ✔

Option A: Lamina propria

Option B: Submucosa

Option C: Muscularis

Option D: Serosa

Correct Answer: Lamina propria ✔

Option A: Facial pain scale

Option B: Knee jerk reflex

Option C: H- Reflex

Option D: R III Reflex

Correct Answer: Facial pain scale ✔

Option A: Production of Antibodies

Option B: production of lymphokines and delayed hypersensitivity

Option C: Activation of complement system

Option D: Immediate Hypersensitivity

Correct Answer: production of lymphokines and delayed hypersensitivity ✔

Option A: Insulin lispro

Option B: Insulin glargine

Option C: Insulin aspart

Option D: Lente insulin

Correct Answer: Insulin glargine ✔