Methods And Research MCQs

Option A: causes and correlations are essentially the same

Option B: correlations always lead to causal explanations

Option C: causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation

Option D: correlations are one-way causal relationships

Correct Answer: causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation ✔

Option A: an attempt to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions

Option B: a piece of research conducted in a laboratory

Option C: a piece of research trying out new methods

Option D: an attempt to deceive participants about the research’s true purpose

Correct Answer: an attempt to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions ✔

Option A: being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis

Option B: holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others

Option C: supervising the data collection process as closely as possible

Option D: seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process

Correct Answer: holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others ✔

Option A: sample

Option B: respondents

Option C: focus group

Option D: population

Correct Answer: population ✔

Option A: causation

Option B: correlation

Option C: association

Option D: connection

Correct Answer: causation ✔

Option A: it takes place outside the university campus

Option B: it makes use of covert research methods

Option C: it investigates workings of society that are different from official accounts

Option D: the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating

Correct Answer: it investigates workings of society that are different from official accounts ✔

Option A: sociologists use both quantitative and qualitative methods

Option B: sociologists no longer use quantitative methods

Option C: sociologists always prefer to use qualitative methods

Option D: sociologists cannot use a mixed methods approach

Correct Answer: sociologists use both quantitative and qualitative methods ✔

Option A: research that tries to contribute to the development of theory

Option B: research that is always multidisciplinary

Option C: research that aims to intervene in and improve social life

Option D: research based on government priorities

Correct Answer: research that aims to intervene in and improve social life ✔

Option A: assessing the potential risks for research subjects

Option B: selecting a relevant theoretical perspective

Option C: protecting the anonymity of participants

Option D: safe storage of the raw data collected in the process

Correct Answer: selecting a relevant theoretical perspective ✔

Option A: the funding of certain projects

Option B: assuming that men and women are the same

Option C: women not being objective

Option D: using males as the accepted norm

Correct Answer: using males as the accepted norm ✔

Option A: with the group for months and sometimes years

Option B: discreet about his/her research

Option C: close to the leadership of the group that he/she is studying

Option D: open and honest about his/her intentions

Correct Answer: discreet about his/her research ✔

Option A: an unobtrusive

Option B: field research

Option C: qualitative analysis

Option D: content analysis

Correct Answer: an unobtrusive ✔

Option A: qualitative research

Option B: ethnography

Option C: secondary research

Option D: field research

Correct Answer: secondary research ✔

Option A: the cost of the stamps

Option B: the response rates

Option C: the inability to follow-up

Option D: some respondents are paranoid

Correct Answer: the response rates ✔

Option A: exhaustive

Option B: tangible

Option C: comprehensive

Option D: relevant

Correct Answer: mutually exclusive ✔

Option A: at least 100 people must be selected

Option B: every sub-sample of the population must be represented

Option C: every member of the population must have an equal chance of being chosen

Option D: a phone book must be used to generate random names.

Correct Answer: every sub-sample of the population must be represented ✔

Option A: variation

Option B: correlation

Option C: observation

Option D: measure of central tendency

Correct Answer: correlation ✔

Option A: measures of variation

Option B: measures of central tendency

Option C: measures of enumeration

Option D: measures of correlation

Correct Answer: measures of central tendency ✔

Option A: Triangulation

Option B: Ethnography

Option C: Field research

Option D: Variation

Correct Answer: Triangulation ✔

Option A: valid

Option B: reliable

Option C: factual

Option D: internally consistent

Correct Answer: reliable ✔

Option A: variables

Option B: populations

Option C: ideas

Option D: indices

Correct Answer: variables ✔

Option A: theory always precedes research

Option B: theory can be developed independent of research

Option C: research always precedes theory

Option D: the relationship between theory and research is cyclical

Correct Answer: the relationship between theory and research is cyclical ✔

Option A: control group

Option B: representative group

Option C: experimental group

Option D: correlation group

Correct Answer: experimental group ✔

Option A: interviews

Option B: naires

Option C: representative samples

Option D: observation techniques

Correct Answer: interviews ✔

Option A: representative sampling

Option B: experiments

Option C: surveys

Option D: hypotheses

Correct Answer: representative sampling ✔

Option A: sample

Option B: experiment

Option C: research design

Option D: scientific method

Correct Answer: research design ✔

Option A: first

Option B: second

Option C: third

Option D: fourth

Correct Answer: third ✔

Option A: Central tendency

Option B: spread of the sample means/values

Option C: Both A an B

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Central tendency ✔

Option A: two respectable responses/answers

Option B: two answers but incompatible with each other

Option C: Both A and B

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both A and B ✔

Option A: Research process

Option B: Research model

Option C: Research methodology

Option D: Research design

Correct Answer: Research design ✔

Option A: parameter

Option B: range

Option C: median

Option D: mean

Correct Answer: range ✔

Option A: they are often undertaken by specialist agencies

Option B: they offer an appearance of precision

Option C: the data is easy to quantify and analyses

Option D: large numbers of people can be studied

Correct Answer: they offer an appearance of precision ✔

Option A: causation

Option B: correlation

Option C: association

Option D: connection

Correct Answer: causation ✔

Option A: being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis

Option B: holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others

Option C: supervising the data collection process as closely as possible

Option D: seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process

Correct Answer: holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others ✔

Option A: it takes place outside the university campus

Option B: it makes use of covert research methods

Option C: it investigates working of society that are different from official accounts

Option D: the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating

Correct Answer: it investigates working of society that are different from official accounts ✔

Option A: reading a textual document quickly to understand the gist of it

Option B: gathering a sample from whoever you can see in a public place

Option C: scanning a table to identify general patterns and significant figures

Option D: keeping your eyes on research participants at all times

Correct Answer: scanning a table to identify general patterns and significant figures ✔

Option A: is a sincere and accurate account free from political bias

Option B: is representative of all the similar documents that did not survive

Option C: has both a literal and an interpretable meaning

Option D: is a sound original, or reliable copy of known authorship

Correct Answer: is a sound original, or reliable copy of known authorship ✔

Option A: the findings are amenable to statistical analysis

Option B: it is conducted over a period of several years

Option C: it uncovers rich detailed accounts from an insider’s perspective

Option D: it compares findings from a number of different cases

Correct Answer: it uncovers rich detailed accounts from an insider’s perspective ✔

Option A: fixed-choice questions s

Option B: short questions s

Option C: leading questions

Option D: funneled questions s

Correct Answer: leading questions ✔

Option A: triangulation

Option B: explanation

Option C: description

Option D: exploration

Correct Answer: triangulation ✔

Option A: human behavior is meaningful and varies between individuals and cultures

Option B: it is difficult for sociologists to gain access to a research laboratory

Option C: sociologists are not rational or critical enough in their approach

Option D: we cannot collect empirical data about social life

Correct Answer: human behavior is meaningful and varies between individuals and cultures ✔

Option A: acknowledge research collaboration and assistance

Option B: preserve the confidentiality of their subjects

Option C: protect their subjects from personal harm

Option D: make all research notes available for public scrutiny

Correct Answer: make all research notes available for public scrutiny ✔

Option A: control group

Option B: representative group

Option C: experimental group

Option D: correlation group

Correct Answer: experimental group ✔

Option A: participant observation research

Option B: a survey

Option C: content analysis

Option D: an experiment

Correct Answer: participant observation research ✔

Option A: administers a naira to every fifth woman who enters a business office

Option B: examines the attitudes of residents of a city by interviewing every twentieth name in the city,s telephone book

Option C: studies the attitudes of Democratic voters by choosing every tenth name found on a city,s list of registered Democrats

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: None of the above ✔

Option A: observation research

Option B: a survey

Option C: content analysis

Option D: an experiment

Correct Answer: content analysis ✔

Option A: correlation

Option B: independent variable

Option C: dependent variable

Option D: sample

Correct Answer: sample ✔

Option A: collect data

Option B: define the problem

Option C: review previous research

Option D: formulate a hypothesis

Correct Answer: define the problem ✔

Option A: Basic understanding

Option B: Practical use

Option C: Applied use

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Practical use ✔

Option A: Personal studies

Option B: Participant-observer studies

Option C: Observational studies

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Participant-observer studies ✔

Option A: Observational studies

Option B: Sociological analysis

Option C: Statistical Comparative studies

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Statistical Comparative studies ✔

Option A: the things that happen by themselves

Option B: Are arranged knowingly

Option C: both a and b

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: the things that happen by themselves ✔

Option A: brought into laboratory

Option B: Kept in their homes and observed

Option C: are not told about experiment

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: brought into laboratory ✔

Option A: Scientific research

Option B: Scientific method

Option C: Science unity

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Scientific method ✔

Option A: parameter

Option B: range

Option C: median

Option D: mean

Correct Answer: range ✔

Option A: they are often undertaken by specialist agencies

Option B: they offer an appearance of precision

Option C: the data is easy to quantify and analyses

Option D: large numbers of people can be studied

Correct Answer: they offer an appearance of precision ✔

Option A: the influence of specific variables can be controlled by the investigator

Option B: it usually generates richer and more in-depth information than other methods

Option C: it is essential when a study is primarily historical or has a historical dimension

Option D: it can only be used to study relatively small groups or communities

Correct Answer: it usually generates richer and more in-depth information than other methods ✔

Option A: multiple regression

Option B: causal mechanism

Option C: spurious correlation

Option D: multinomial distribution

Correct Answer: spurious correlation ✔

Option A: the investigator being committed to a particular ideology

Option B: the research team prejudging the meaning of the data

Option C: the data being unbalanced by the design or execution of the research

Option D: interpretations being applied to the results

Correct Answer: the data being unbalanced by the design or execution of the research ✔

Option A: philosophical and progressive

Option B: complex and against commonsense

Option C: experimental and statistical

Option D: valid and reliable

Correct Answer: valid and reliable ✔

Option A: research findings feed back into society and as a result may change it

Option B: research findings empower the general public making them more confident

Option C: research funders have control over research findings and who has access

Option D: sociologists learn more about the society they live in

Correct Answer: research findings feed back into society and as a result may change it ✔

Option A: survey research

Option B: ethnography

Option C: focus groups

Option D: biographical research

Correct Answer: survey research ✔

Option A: review the evidence

Option B: define the research problem

Option C: create a research design

Option D: carry out a research design

Correct Answer: define the research problem ✔

Option A: historical research

Option B: survey research

Option C: participant observation

Option D: experimental design

Correct Answer: participant observation ✔

Option A: secondary observer

Option B: participant-as-observer

Option C: complete participant

Option D: ethnographer

Correct Answer: participant-as-observer ✔

Option A: tactful

Option B: creative

Option C: unobtrusive

Option D: fluent in several languages

Correct Answer: creative ✔

Option A: ethnography

Option B: field research

Option C: an international approach

Option D: content analysis

Correct Answer: comparative approach ✔

Option A: that people are more likely to be honest

Option B: they are not time consuming

Option C: the interviewer can guess the age of the respondent

Option D: the response rate is high

Correct Answer: the response rate is high ✔

Option A: exhaustive

Option B: mutually exclusive

Option C: comprehensive

Option D: tangible

Correct Answer: exhaustive ✔

Option A: the s is clearly worded

Option B: they cover the return postage

Option C: the answers are mutually exclusive

Option D: they are easy and quick to answer

Correct Answer: they are easy and quick to answer ✔

Option A: interviews

Option B: participant observation

Option C: experiments

Option D: content analysis

Correct Answer: surveys ✔

Option A: internal consistency

Option B: correlation

Option C: theory

Option D: time order

Correct Answer: internal consistency ✔

Option A: Coding

Option B: Conceptualization

Option C: Factoring

Option D: Classification

Correct Answer: Coding ✔

Option A: surveys

Option B: ethnography

Option C: field research

Option D: secondary research

Correct Answer: ethnography ✔

Option A: operational definition

Option B: quantitative theorem

Option C: theory

Option D: hypothesis

Correct Answer: operational definition ✔

Option A: formulating the problem

Option B: selecting a research method

Option C: developing a hypothesis

Option D: evaluation of the results

Correct Answer: formulating the problem ✔

Option A: recognized that it is impossible for scholars to prevent their personal values from influencing their work

Option B: stressed that researchers had to maintain the confidentiality of their subjects

Option C: emphasized that under no conditions could a researcher allow his or her personal feelings to influence the interpretation of data

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: emphasized that under no conditions could a researcher allow his or her personal feelings to influence the interpretation of data ✔

Option A: the control groups

Option B: the representative group

Option C: the experimental group

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: the experimental group ✔

Option A: administers a naira to every fifth woman who enters a business office

Option B: examines the attitudes of residents of a city by interviewing every twentieth name in the city’s telephone book

Option C: studies the attitudes of Democratic voters by choosing every tenth name found on a city’s list of registered Democrats

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: None of the above ✔

Option A: observation research

Option B: a survey

Option C: content analysis

Option D: an experiment

Correct Answer: a survey ✔

Option A: correlation

Option B: independent variable

Option C: dependent variable

Option D: sample

Correct Answer: independent variable ✔

Option A: collect data

Option B: define the problem

Option C: review previous research

Option D: formulate a hypothesis

Correct Answer: define the problem ✔

Option A: very high

Option B: it can be both A and C

Option C: very low

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: very low ✔

Option A: double barreled questions

Option B: leading questions

Option C: contingency questions

Option D: Matrix questions

Correct Answer: contingency questions ✔

Option A: a meeting

Option B: an event

Option C: a moment

Option D: an Encounter

Correct Answer: an Encounter ✔

Option A: an attempt to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions

Option B: a piece of research conducted in a laboratory

Option C: a piece of research trying out new methods

Option D: an attempt to deceive participants about the research’s true purpose

Correct Answer: an attempt to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions ✔

Option A: sample

Option B: respondents

Option C: focus group

Option D: population

Correct Answer: population ✔

Option A: multiple regression

Option B: causal mechanism

Option C: spurious correlation

Option D: multinomial distribution

Correct Answer: spurious correlation ✔

Option A: the investigator being committed to a particular ideology

Option B: the research team prejudging the meaning of the data

Option C: the data being unbalanced by the design or execution of the research

Option D: interpretations being applied to the results

Correct Answer: the data being unbalanced by the design or execution of the research ✔

Option A: the theorist has researched the literatures thoroughly

Option B: they have been tested out by means of factual research

Option C: they are written in such a way as to be impossible to disprove

Option D: they are shared by a large enough number of theorists

Correct Answer: they have been tested out by means of factual research ✔

Option A: definitions and indicators can vary making valid comparisons problematic

Option B: there are no reliable indicators of such widely contested ideas

Option C: it takes all the fun out of armchair theorizing

Option D: it has little use for applied empirical research about the topic

Correct Answer: definitions and indicators can vary making valid comparisons problematic ✔

Option A: government white paper

Option B: confidential medical records

Option C: household account book

Option D: the shares register of a business

Correct Answer: household account book ✔

Option A: not being able to write comprehensive field notes or record conversations

Option B: deceiving the respondents as to the reason for your presence

Option C: observing people outside of their natural setting

Option D: subjecting the participants to physical harm

Correct Answer: deceiving the respondents as to the reason for your presence ✔

Option A: probability sampling

Option B: non-probability sampling

Option C: cluster sampling

Option D: using the Christmas vacation constructively

Correct Answer: probability sampling ✔

Option A: finding out which topics are important to the respondents

Option B: testing out your computer and printer

Option C: identifying any problems with the wording and routing

Option D: deciding which respondents to leave out of the final sample

Correct Answer: identifying any problems with the wording and routing ✔

Option A: sociologists like to put a value on different theories

Option B: Knowledge refers to people and their values

Option C: theorists interpret the world in terms of their own values

Option D: attempts to provide knowledge about the world are always valuable

Correct Answer: theorists interpret the world in terms of their own values ✔

Option A: testing out new research methods to see which one works best

Option B: isolating and measuring the effect of one variable upon another

Option C: using personal beliefs and values to decide what to study

Option D: interpreting data subjectively drawing on theoretical paradigms

Correct Answer: isolating and measuring the effect of one variable upon another ✔

Option A: secondary analysis

Option B: interviews

Option C: observation

Option D: content analysis

Correct Answer: content analysis ✔

Option A: the control groups

Option B: the representative group

Option C: the experimental group

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: the experimental group ✔

Option A: interviews

Option B: nares

Option C: representative samples

Option D: observation techniques

Correct Answer: interviews ✔