Option A: clear-cut division of labor
Option B: pyramidal hierarchy of authority
Option C: qualifications based on “whom you know”
Option D: written record of decisions rules procedures and activities
Correct Answer: C. qualifications based on “whom you know” ✔
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Option A: bureaucracies
Option B: formal organizations
Option C: informal organizations
Option D: task hierarchies
Correct Answer: formal organizations ✔
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Option A: Members demand conformity and apply pressure to those who express doubts about a proposed course of action
Option B: Members withhold dissent and exercise self- censorship
Option C: Members share an illusion of invulnerability
Option D: Members share a common socioeconomic background
Correct Answer: Members share a common socioeconomic background ✔
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Option A: two
Option B: three
Option C: four
Option D: five
Correct Answer: five ✔
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Option A: can be thought of as “we-groups” and “they -groups ” respectively
Option B: highlight the importance of family ties
Option C: are almost always based on territory (e.g. a neighborhood or nation-state)
Option D: are easily bridged by those who wish to share the other groups identity
Correct Answer: A. can be thought of as “we-groups” and “they -groups ” respectively ✔
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the importance of groups in social life ?
Option A: The social support and feedback of others hinders us as we try to confront difficulties
Option B: Accidents alcoholism psychiatric disorders tuberculosis and even death rates are higher among people who live with more than seven others in a group living situation
Option C: The most effective strategy for undergraduate success is to abstain from group interaction because it slows down one’s individual learning process
Option D: Support groups have been found to add an average of 18 months to the lives of women in advanced stages of cancer
Correct Answer: Support groups have been found to add an average of 18 months to the lives of women in advanced stages of cancer ✔
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Option A: the household
Option B: the office
Option C: the global village
Option D: the nation states
Correct Answer: the office ✔
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Option A: Co-operation
Option B: Competition
Option C: Coercion
Option D: Conflict
Correct Answer: Conflict ✔
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Option A: genetics
Option B: evolution
Option C: height
Option D: brain size
Correct Answer: height ✔
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Option A: Charles Horton Cooley
Option B: Emile Durkheim
Option C: William I. Thomas
Option D: William Graham Sumner
Correct Answer: William Graham Sumner ✔
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Option A: all small groups are primary groups
Option B: all small groups are secondary groups
Option C: many small groups differ from primary groups in that they do not necessarily offer the intimate personal relationships characteristic of primary groups
Option D: both b and c
Correct Answer: many small groups differ from primary groups in that they do not necessarily offer the intimate personal relationships characteristic of primary groups ✔
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The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups are stressed by__________?
Option A: functionalists
Option B: conflict theorists
Option C: interactionists
Option D: classical theorists
Correct Answer: conflict theorists ✔
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Close friends who have known each other since childhood would be an example of a (n)__________?
Option A: Primary group
Option B: secondary group
Option C: out-groups
Option D: formal organizations
Correct Answer: Primary group ✔
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Option A: Personal or traditional
Option B: Impersonal
Option C: Organizational
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Personal or traditional ✔
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Option A: Primary group
Option B: Secondary group
Option C: Both groups
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Primary group ✔
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Option A: efficiency
Option B: emotional Satisfaction
Option C: task
Option D: none of these
Correct Answer: emotional Satisfaction ✔
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Option A: formal
Option B: Impersonal
Option C: both a & b
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: both a & b ✔
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Option A: Primary groups
Option B: Secondary groups
Option C: Tertiary groups
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Primary groups ✔
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Option A: Measuring acceptance
Option B: closeness degree
Option C: Social distance
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Social distance ✔
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Option A: Individual activities
Option B: Families
Option C: Group activities
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Group activities ✔
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Option A: are committed by relatively affluent people often in the course of business activities
Option B: are not very costly compared to the dollar cost of other crimes
Option C: are crimes the average person is less likely to experience than street crime
Option D: usually result in severe punishment for those who are caught
Correct Answer: are committed by relatively affluent people often in the course of business activities ✔
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Option A: focus on why individuals engage in deviant behavior
Option B: contend that some acts such as rape are inherently criminal
Option C: contend that labeling people as deviant has no effect on their behavior
Option D: contend that in many cases those labeled deviant identity and pursue a career of deviance
Correct Answer: contend that in many cases those labeled deviant identity and pursue a career of deviance ✔
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Option A: the state must undertake a political process of criminalizing it
Option B: it must be committed by someone labelled a criminal
Option C: it must involve the violation of a person or property
Option D: the majority of the population must consider the act criminal
Correct Answer: the state must undertake a political process of criminalizing it ✔
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Option A: emphasize that the values of society serve all members of society
Option B: see the capitalist ruling class as protecting the masses
Option C: argue that criminal acts are acts which the ruling class brands as criminal
Option D: None of the above reflects the thinking of conflict theorists
Correct Answer: argue that criminal acts are acts which the ruling class brands as criminal ✔
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Option A: structural strain theory
Option B: social control theory
Option C: differential association theory
Option D: Each of these theories explains the situation equally well
Correct Answer: differential association theory ✔
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Option A: social disorganization
Option B: anomie
Option C: deviance
Option D: none of the above
Correct Answer: anomie ✔
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Option A: operating to favor powerful groups at the expense of others
Option B: an indispensable functional requirement for social survival
Option C: a source of social chaos
Option D: both b and c
Correct Answer: an indispensable functional requirement for social survival ✔
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Option A: can impair and undermine organized social life
Option B: increases our willingness to play our roles
Option C: increases our willingness to contribute to the larger social enterprise
Option D: enhances our trust of one another
Correct Answer: can impair and undermine organized social life ✔
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Option A: reform
Option B: revenge
Option C: affirmation of moral standards
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: affirmation of moral standards ✔
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Option A: the Roman Empire
Option B: Revolutionary France
Option C: Nazi Germany
Option D: the English Civil War
Correct Answer: Revolutionary France ✔
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Of what is the failure of companies to adhere to legal regulations that apply to them an example ?
Option A: white-collar crime
Option B: corporate crime
Option C: victimless crime
Option D: organized crime
Correct Answer: corporate crime ✔
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A. labelling theory
B. control theory
C. functionalist theory
conflict theory
Correct Answer: labelling theory ✔
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Option A: Comte
Option B: Marx
Option C: Weber
Option D: Durkheim
Correct Answer: Durkheim ✔
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Option A: poor education
Option B: poor diet
Option C: poor sanitation
Option D: poor housing
Correct Answer: poor education ✔
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Option A: access and exchange private information about consumers
Option B: reduce prison overcrowding by the use of electronic tagging
Option C: monitor employees’ activities at work
Option D: all of the above
Correct Answer: all of the above ✔
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Option A: emphasized human relations and employee satisfaction
Option B: increased the amount of power held by managers
Option C: stripped inmates of their previous identities
Option D: isolated people and put them under surveillance
Correct Answer: isolated people and put them under surveillance ✔
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Option A: it is committed on a larger often global scale and is well organized
Option B: it is associated with political conflict between states and their citizens
Option C: it can have far-reaching effects upon international relations
Option D: all of the above
Correct Answer: all of the above ✔
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Option A: it has increased and is no longer confined to a hedonistic youth subculture
Option B: the most commonly used recreational drug is Ecstasy
Option C: teenage girls are more likely to experiment with hard drugs than teenage boys
Option D: despite a series of moral panics, the use of illegal drugs is very rare
Correct Answer: it has increased and is no longer confined to a hedonistic youth subculture ✔
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Option A: the rates of violent crime were similar for men and women
Option B: women’s sexual delinquency was more likely to be normalized than men’s
Option C: women’s criminal behavior tended to reflect traditional gender roles
Option D: all of the above
Correct Answer: women’s criminal behavior tended to reflect traditional gender roles ✔
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Option A: the punishment or stigmatization of deviant acts
Option B: the labelling of an act as deviant through social reactions to it
Option C: the ways in which taking on a deviant role affects future action
Option D: all of the above
Correct Answer: all of the above ✔
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Option A: criminals were socialized underworld of crime
Option B: no act is intrinsically deviant
Option C: biological failings drove some people into crime
Option D: women were less likely to be arrested than men
Correct Answer: biological failings drove some people into crime ✔
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Option A: murder
Option B: rape
Option C: robbery
Option D: all of the above
Correct Answer: all of the above ✔
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Option A: consumer fraud
Option B: bribery
Option C: income tax evasion
Option D: each of the above
Correct Answer: each of the above ✔
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Option A: conflict theorists’ functionalists labelling
Option B: labelling theorists conflict functionalist
Option C: functionalists conflict labelling
Option D: conflict theorists’ labelling functionalist
Correct Answer: functionalists conflict labelling ✔
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Option A: conformity
Option B: innovation
Option C: ritualism
Option D: rebellion
Correct Answer: conformity ✔
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Option A: Richard Quinney
Option B: Emile Durkheim
Option C: Edwin Sutherland
Option D: Stanley Milgram
Correct Answer: Emile Durkheim ✔
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Option A: Richard Quinney
Option B: Edwin Sutherland
Option C: Stanley Milgram
Option D: William Chambliss
Correct Answer: Richard Quinney ✔
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Option A: men
Option B: household duties
Option C: other rival women
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: household duties ✔
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Option A: Their father’s status
Option B: Marriage
Option C: Their children’s status
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Marriage ✔
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Option A: Inconsistent
Option B: Deviant
Option C: Normless
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Deviant ✔
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Option A: Opposite to those of upward mobility
Option B: Same
Option C: different from those
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Same ✔
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Option A: abnormal behavior
Option B: Criminal behavior
Option C: Social problem
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Criminal behavior ✔
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Option A: Danwie
Option B: Communis
Option C: Nessar
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Danwie ✔
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Option A: Formal to informal control
Option B: Informal to formal
Option C: General to specialized
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Informal to formal ✔
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Option A: Secondary
Option B: Primary
Option C: Both a &
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Primary ✔
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Option A: Social norms and traditions
Option B: Law enforcing agencies
Option C: Clan System
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Social norms and traditions ✔
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Option A: cannot keep “hard core” criminals off the street
Option B: does keep “hard core” criminals off the street
Option C: is an effort to address the problem of one-time criminals
Option D: maximizes effective use of prison bed space
Correct Answer: B. does keep “hard core” criminals off the street ✔
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Option A: police
Option B: military
Option C: prisons
Option D: courts
Correct Answer: military ✔
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Option A: Why are people deviant?
Option B: why are people not deviant?
Option C: How does labeling contribute to deviance?
Option D: How does structural strain contribute to deviance
Correct Answer: why are people not deviant? ✔
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Option A: conformist
Option B: innovator
Option C: ritualist
Option D: retreatist
Correct Answer: innovator ✔
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Option A: conformity with norms
Option B: internalization of norms
Option C: the structure of social experience
Option D: formal and informal sanctions
Correct Answer: conformity with norms ✔
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Option A: fear of reprisal
Option B: dislike of the police
Option C: too trivial for the police
Option D: best dealt with privately
Correct Answer: too trivial for the police ✔
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Option A: Deviant behavior is an anomaly in social life
Option B: Deviance is a property conferred upon particular behaviors by social definitions
Option C: Deviance exists independently of a culture’s norms
Option D: none of the above
Correct Answer: Deviance is a property conferred upon particular behaviors by social definitions ✔
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Option A: it is less predictable than previous manifestations
Option B: it has ambitions that are global in scope
Option C: it is rooted in religious ideologies
Option D: it concerns local territorial disputes
Correct Answer: it has ambitions that are global in scope ✔
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Option A: restorative justice
Option B: zero tolerance
Option C: target hardening
Option D: deterrent sentencing
Correct Answer: zero tolerance ✔
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Option A: conformists
Option B: innovators
Option C: ritualists
Option D: retreatists
Correct Answer: innovators ✔
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Option A: criminality
Option B: deviance
Option C: recidivism
Option D: degeneracy
Correct Answer: deviance ✔
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Option A: social integration
Option B: lifestyle choices
Option C: social inequality
Option D: work patterns
Correct Answer: social integration ✔
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Option A: the use of corporal punishment by employers
Option B: excluding women from participating in waged labor
Option C: punctuality uninterrupted work and the threat of dismissal
Option D: making routine tasks less monotonous
Correct Answer: punctuality uninterrupted work and the threat of dismissal ✔
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Option A: white collar crime
Option B: organized crime
Option C: non-criminal deviance
Option D: global terrorism
Correct Answer: organized crime ✔
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Option A: it involves only small amounts of money
Option B: the proletariat can outsmart the bourgeoisie
Option C: the police turn a blind eye to corporate crime
Option D: it goes undetected in the context of everyday business transactions
Correct Answer: it goes undetected in the context of everyday business transactions ✔
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Option A: people are socialized into a life of crime by associating with others who define it in positive terms
Option B: the majority of crime is committed by middle class people in professional occupations
Option C: those who were arrested and charged with theft did not define themselves as thieves
Option D: the most dangerous criminals on the street were those who were highly skilled thieves
Correct Answer: people are socialized into a life of crime by associating with others who define it in positive terms ✔
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Option A: recognized as breaking an important norm of behavior
Option B: seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise normal character
Option C: the first step in establishing a deviant career
Option D: attributed to the persons genetic or anatomical make up
Correct Answer: seen a temporary aberration from an otherwise normal character ✔
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Option A: hate crimes violence against ethnic minorities simply because of their race
Option B: institutional racism systematic forms of disadvantage built into the routines and practices of social institutions
Option C: overt racism in the police force that must be tackled by institutional reforms
Option D: growing numbers of asylum seekers in need of long-term accommodation
Correct Answer: institutional racism systematic forms of disadvantage built into the routines and practices of social institutions ✔
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Option A: the Per row principle
Option B: the Peter principle
Option C: the school principal
Option D: normal accidents
Correct Answer: normal accidents ✔
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Option A: white-collar crimes
Option B: violent crimes against people
Option C: “victimless” crimes
Option D: organized crime
Correct Answer: C. “victimless” crimes ✔
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Option A: Robert Merton
Option B: Emile Durkhieim
Option C: Howard S Becker
Option D: Edwin Sutherland
Correct Answer: Edwin Sutherland ✔
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Option A: Richard Quinney
Option B: Edwin Sutherland
Option C: Stanley Milgram
Option D: William Chambliss
Correct Answer: Richard Quinney ✔
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Option A: William Chambliss
Option B: Emile Durkheim
Option C: Richard Quinney
Option D: Stanley Milgram
Correct Answer: Emile Durkheim ✔
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If we fail to respect and obey social norms we may face punishment through informal or formal ?
Option A: techniques of neutralization
Option B: deviance
Option C: cultural transmission
Option D: sanctions
Correct Answer: sanctions ✔
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Option A: Only by individuals
Option B: Only by groups
Option C: By individual or by entire group
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: By individual or by entire group ✔
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Option A: Quite different
Option B: all alike
Option C: Growing more nearly alike
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Growing more nearly alike ✔
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Option A: Status of women in society
Option B: Status of their husbands
Option C: Both a and b
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Status of their husbands ✔
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Option A: Open
Option B: Broad
Option C: closed
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: closed ✔
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Option A: Inconsistent society
Option B: Incoherent society
Option C: Anomic Society
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Anomic Society ✔
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Option A: Obedient
Option B: Abnormal
Option C: Deviant
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Deviant ✔
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Option A: Source of power
Option B: Source of help
Option C: control device
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: control device ✔
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Option A: Primary groups
Option B: Secondary groups
Option C: In social settings
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Primary groups ✔
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Option A: Self-discipline
Option B: Egoist behavior
Option C: Need for group acceptance
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Need for group acceptance ✔
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A network of roles according to which each person accepts certain duties towards others makes ?
Option A: Social background
Option B: Social Order
Option C: Social stratification
Option D: None of these
Correct Answer: Social Order ✔
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Option A: poly-local
Option B: neo-local
Option C: patrilocal
Option D: matrilocal
Correct Answer: patrilocal ✔
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Option A: industrialization/vertical mobility
Option B: industrialization/urbanization
Option C: urbanization/vertical mobility
Option D: industrialization /horizontal mobility
Correct Answer: industrialization/urbanization ✔
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Option A: peers
Option B: the family
Option C: formal religion
Option D: schools
Correct Answer: the family ✔
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Option A: maturational motivations
Option B: activity norms
Option C: age grades
Option D: continuity contingencies
Correct Answer: age grades ✔
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Option A: the nurturing complex
Option B: empty-nest syndrome
Option C: childless anxiety
Option D: the fear of singularity
Correct Answer: empty-nest syndrome ✔
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Option A: That culture rather than biology plays the biggest part in socialization
Option B: that psychology is the dominant theory the social sciences
Option C: that biology/genetics explains everything
Option D: that there is no such thing as a superego
Correct Answer: That culture rather than biology plays the biggest part in socialization ✔
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Option A: play
Option B: maturation
Option C: game
Option D: infancy
Correct Answer: preparatory ✔
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Option A: our reflections on our own personal shortcomings
Option B: our sense of knowledge from all of the agents of socialization
Option C: our sense of individuality
Option D: our self-concept both positive and negative
Correct Answer: our imagination of how others see us ✔
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How people behave towards one another when they meet is referred to as __________ by sociologists ?
Option A: social interaction
Option B: sociobiology
Option C: social psychology
Option D: socialization
Correct Answer: social interaction ✔
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Option A: nuclear family
Option B: dysfunctional family
Option C: extended family
Option D: polygynous family
Correct Answer: extended family ✔
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