Sociology MCQs

Option A: tax avoidance

Option B: gated communities

Option C: homelessness

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: none of the above ✔

Option A: the mean is distorted by a few people at the very top of the distribution

Option B: they lead more people to be defined as in poverty

Option C: the median is a more accurate measurement of earning than the mean

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: the mean is distorted by a few people at the very top of the distribution ✔

Option A: the critical deconstruction of poverty by feminist theorists

Option B: women’s increased chances of being in poverty due to low pay and greater welfare dependency

Option C: the way in which managing a budget and avoiding poverty tends to be a women’s responsibility within the home

Option D: the disproportionate number of female sociologists who do research on poverty

Correct Answer: women’s increased chances of being in poverty due to low pay and greater welfare dependency ✔

Option A: high rewards and incentives ensure that the most skilled individuals will take the most important social positions

Option B: inequality is inevitable, and we are born into poverty or wealth

Option C: there are no social functions of inequality, so it should be eradicated

Option D: the idea of a meritocracy is a dangerous ideology

Correct Answer: high rewards and incentives ensure that the most skilled individuals will take the most important social positions ✔

Option A: the most extreme level of poverty that is found in a society

Option B: the estimated minimum level of income needed for subsistence

Option C: households that are poor relative to the norms and values of their culture

Option D: the areas of a city in which poverty is concentrated

Correct Answer: the estimated minimum level of income needed for subsistence ✔

Option A: Class factor

Option B: Mathew effect

Option C: Cultural Cause

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Mathew effect ✔

Option A: Asia

Option B: Africa

Option C: South America

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Africa ✔

Option A: 1000-1500 calories

Option B: 1500-2000

Option C: 2000-2500

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 2000-2500 ✔

Option A: The international Monetary Fund and the World Bank

Option B: The World Trade Organization and the World Bank

Option C: The International Monetary Fund and the World Health Organization

Option D: The United Nations and the World Trade Organization

Correct Answer: The international Monetary Fund and the World Bank ✔

Option A: Walt Rostow

Option B: Karl Marx

Option C: Immanuel Wallerstein

Option D: Bretton Woods

Correct Answer: Karl Marx ✔

Option A: Gross National Product

Option B: Gross Domestic Product

Option C: Purchasing Power Parity

Option D: Gross National Income

Correct Answer: Gross National Product ✔

Option A: social democratic socialist communist

Option B: social democratic corporatist liberal

Option C: social democratic Christian-democratic nationalist

Option D: none of above

Correct Answer: social democratic corporatist liberal ✔

Option A: Whites

Option B: Indians

Option C: Black Caribbean

Option D: Pakistan /Bangladeshis

Correct Answer: Pakistan /Bangladeshis ✔

Option A: it concentrates too much on kinship ties

Option B: the government should be raising benefit levels

Option C: in modern affluent societies no one is truly poor

Option D: it is wrong to make comparisons between countries

Correct Answer: in modern affluent societies no one is truly poor ✔

Option A: the culturally valued commodities and standards of living that make the poor feel relatively deprived

Option B: the flow of money a person receives from their salary or wage

Option C: a stock of economic resources including land shares and bank deposits

Option D: the slices of the population who own differing amounts of wealth

Correct Answer: a stock of economic resources including land shares and bank deposits ✔

Option A: formed an inferior race with low levels of intelligence

Option B: lived morally unsound lives of crime and squalor

Option C: were too reliant upon welfare benefits

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: all of the above ✔

Option A: Industrialist

Option B: Feudal

Option C: Intelligentsia

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Feudal ✔

Option A: Absolute poverty

Option B: Relative poverty

Option C: both a and b

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Relative poverty ✔

Option A: 1 dollar per day

Option B: 2 dollars per day

Option C: 3 dollar per day

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 1 dollar per day ✔

Option A: in a county

Option B: between countries

Option C: for a decade

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: between countries ✔

Option A: political oppression

Option B: employment opportunities

Option C: food shortages

Option D: population pressures

Correct Answer: employment opportunities ✔

Option A: ethnic cleansing

Option B: institutional racism

Option C: genocide

Option D: scapegoating

Correct Answer: genocide ✔

Option A: new racism

Option B: cultural racism

Option C: ethnocentrism

Option D: institutional racism

Correct Answer: institutional racism ✔

Option A: has some sense of collective or group solidarity

Option B: numerically small compared to the main social group

Option C: identifiably different from others in a society

Option D: holds views contrary to the social norm

Correct Answer: has some sense of collective or group solidarity ✔

Option A: it distinguishes between biological and social factors

Option B: it denotes something fixed and unchanging

Option C: it is social category which has real effects on people’s lives

Option D: it enables comparisons between groups in different countries

Correct Answer: it is social category which has real effects on people’s lives ✔

Option A: acceleration

Option B: diversification

Option C: globalization

Option D: regionalization

Correct Answer: regionalization ✔

Option A: 3%

Option B: 15%

Option C: 25%

Option D: 40%

Correct Answer: 3% ✔

Option A: resource allocation

Option B: ethnocentrism

Option C: discrimination

Option D: group closure

Correct Answer: group closure ✔

Option A: the minority group is disadvantaged compared to the more powerful and dominant group

Option B: minority groups are always non-white

Option C: the minority group has a strong sense of group solidarity

Option D: the minority group often experiences prejudice and discrimination

Correct Answer: minority groups are always non-white ✔

Option A: Israel

Option B: Russia

Option C: USA

Option D: Poland

Correct Answer: Poland ✔

Option A: A+B+C=A

Option B: A+B+C=A+B+C

Option C: A+B+C=D

Option D: A+B+C=A+B+D

Correct Answer: A+B+C=D ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: labeling theory

Correct Answer: conflict perspective ✔

Option A: a subtler form of prejudice masked by nationalist pride

Option B: a post-modern deconstruction of racist ideas to reveal their lack of depth

Option C: racist practices found in newly emerging areas of social life such as cyberspace

Option D: an anti-fascist movement which challenges nationalist politics

Correct Answer: a subtler form of prejudice masked by nationalist pride ✔

Option A: the objective categories of ethnicity used in the census

Option B: a felt sense of group membership on the basis of religion language or history

Option C: the imposition of a racial label on a minority by a powerful majority

Option D: the fragmented and pluralistic nature of ethnicity

Correct Answer: a felt sense of group membership on the basis of religion language or history ✔

Option A: if ethnic stratification continues in a society conflict will decrease as people are socialized into the stratification system

Option B: ethnic stratification will persist as long as it is in the best interests of those in power

Option C: conflicts will be particularly likely and severe if class and ethnic cleavages coincide

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: conflicts will be particularly likely and severe if class and ethnic cleavages coincide ✔

Option A: Underlies the development of ethnic tensions

Option B: results in more well-defined norms and roles

Option C: divides managerial and line workers

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: Underlies the development of ethnic tensions ✔

Option A: Conflict promotes group formation and cohesion

Option B: Conflict may function as a safety valve for society by enabling hostilities to be channelled toward permissible targets known as permissible targets known as scapegoats

Option C: A multiplicity of conflicts between large numbers of differing groups within a society may be conducive to a democratic as opposed to a totalitarian society

Option D: Conflict attributable to ethnic stratification problems may reach an unacceptable frequency and intensity

Correct Answer: Conflict attributable to ethnic stratification problems may reach an unacceptable frequency and intensity ✔

Option A: does not include environmental racism

Option B: occurs because equality of opportunity causes equality of outcome

Option C: occurs in part when gatekeepers admit others like themselves to positions of privilege prestige and power

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: occurs in part when gatekeepers admit others like themselves to positions of privilege prestige and power ✔

Option A: can also be termed racial reconciliation

Option B: is the same as traditional racial prejudice

Option C: is a reflection of whites concern that further reductions in racial inequality will result in loss of the special status that whites in the United States have enjoyed over the years

Option D: has no impact on whites racial policy attitudes

Correct Answer: is a reflection of whites concern that further reductions in racial inequality will result in loss of the special status that whites in the United States have enjoyed over the years ✔

Option A: Racial and ethnic groups often have the potential for carving out their own independent nations from the existing state

Option B: Racial and ethnic stratification is harder to eliminate than are other forms of stratification

Option C: All other forms of stratification grow out of racial and ethnic stratification

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: Racial and ethnic groups often have the potential for carving out their own independent nations from the existing state ✔

Option A: are groups identified on cultural grounds

Option B: are based solely on nationality

Option C: occupy a small territory

Option D: unlike racial groups are socially constructed

Correct Answer: are groups identified on cultural grounds ✔

Option A: migration

Option B: globalization

Option C: colonialism

Option D: diaspora

Correct Answer: diaspora ✔

Option A: classic

Option B: colonial

Option C: guest worker

Option D: illegal

Correct Answer: guest worker ✔

Option A: assimilation

Option B: melting pot

Option C: cultural pluralism

Option D: multiculturalism

Correct Answer: assimilation ✔

Option A: prejudice

Option B: discrimination

Option C: racism

Option D: projection

Correct Answer: discrimination ✔

Option A: racism

Option B: ethnicity

Option C: identity

Option D: stereotyping

Correct Answer: ethnicity ✔

Option A: apartheid

Option B: ethnic cleansing

Option C: multiculturalism

Option D: assimilation

Correct Answer: apartheid ✔

Option A: critical race theory

Option B: conflict theories

Option C: ethnocentrism

Option D: primordialism

Correct Answer: critical race theory ✔

Option A: the existence of cultural diversity within a society

Option B: policies encouraging ethnic groups to live together in harmony

Option C: new immigrants adopting the values and norms of the host culture

Option D: ethnic group cultures exist separately within a society

Correct Answer: policies encouraging ethnic groups to live together in harmony ✔

Option A: stereotypes

Option B: prejudice

Option C: scapegoating

Option D: discrimination

Correct Answer: stereotypes ✔

Option A: it,s a complex concept with multiple meanings

Option B: to reflect the fact that the number of races is disputed

Option C: the concept has no scientific basis but is still widely used

Option D: to distinguish the science of race from discussions of ethnicity

Correct Answer: the concept has no scientific basis but is still widely used ✔

Option A: Malcolm X

Option B: James Baldwin

Option C: Alice Walker

Option D: Ralph Ellison

Correct Answer: James Baldwin ✔

Option A: A+B+C=A

Option B: A+B+C=A+B+C

Option C: A+B+C=D

Option D: A+B+C=A+B+D

Correct Answer: A+B+C=D ✔

Option A: the contact hypothesis

Option B: a self-fulfilling prophecy

Option C: scapegoating

Option D: reverse discrimination

Correct Answer: a self-fulfilling prophecy ✔

Option A: race is an objective way of categorizing people on biological grounds

Option B: the idea of race is socially constructed through powerful ideologies

Option C: race relations in Britain and America can be traced back to colonial times

Option D: people choose their racial identity, and this becomes fixed

Correct Answer: the idea of race is socially constructed through powerful ideologies ✔

Option A: genetics

Option B: evolution

Option C: height

Option D: brain size

Correct Answer: height ✔

Option A: Interactionist believe that groups will experience conflict only if they are of two distinct ethnic groups

Option B: Interactionists downplay the role of communication in ethnicity

Option C: Interactionists believe the world we experience is socially constructed

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: Interactionists believe the world we experience is socially constructed ✔

Option A: have found that American race and ethnic relations have little connection to global issues

Option B: contend that racism serves the economic interests of the capitalist class

Option C: argue that prejudice discrimination and racism operate outside of social structures

Option D: conclude that racist notions serve the economic interests of people of color world-wide

Correct Answer: contend that racism serves the economic interests of the capitalist class ✔

Option A: gatekeeping

Option B: pluralism

Option C: assimilation

Option D: continued subjugation

Correct Answer: pluralism ✔

Option A: In order for a person to discriminate he or she must hold prejudicial attitudes

Option B: Discrimination is an action

Option C: Discrimination is not a form of racism

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: Discrimination is an action ✔

Option A: refers to hostile behaviors exhibited by someone who has been offended by a member of a group

Option B: is an attitude of aversion and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong it

Option C: cannot not exist in someone who does not discriminate

Option D: is a feeling a minority individual has toward his or her own minority?

Correct Answer: is an attitude of aversion and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong it ✔

Option A: racial or cultural self-consciousness

Option B: hereditary membership

Option C: a high degree of marriage outside of the group (exogamy)

Option D: oppression at the hands of a dominant group

Correct Answer: a high degree of marriage outside of the group (exogamy) ✔

Option A: begins with the assumption that race is based on easily classified differences

Option B: considers race a social construct not an absolute

Option C: neither nor b

Option D: both a and b

Correct Answer: considers race a social construct not an absolute ✔

Option A: denomination

Option B: ecclesia

Option C: cult

Option D: sect

Correct Answer: ecclesia ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: each of the above

Correct Answer: conflict perspective ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: each of the above

Correct Answer: functionalist perspective ✔

Option A: embrace conventional cultural values but offer new means of achieving them

Option B: react against the loss of any meaningful religious content in the teachings of churches

Option C: adopt an attitude of mild disapproval towards mainstream social values

Option D: reject both the goals and means of conventional society and provide utopian alternatives

Correct Answer: react against the loss of any meaningful religious content in the teachings of churches ✔

Option A: beliefs that can be challenged by members a charismatic leader and openness to new recruits

Option B: tolerance towards other religions and the separation of church and state

Option C: voluntary membership democratic leadership and high levels of emotional commitment

Option D: the idea of the secular world itself as being sacred

Correct Answer: voluntary membership democratic leadership and high levels of emotional commitment ✔

Option A: disappointment and disproportion

Option B: disbelief and disintegration

Option C: disengagement and disenchantment

Option D: distribution and distillation

Correct Answer: disengagement and disenchantment ✔

Option A: effervescent ceremonies that create a feeling o belonging

Option B: images of gods or totems that are widely recognized

Option C: shared ideas and moral values often symbolized by an object or figurehead

Option D: ideological tools used to obscure class divisions

Correct Answer: shared ideas and moral values often symbolized by an object or figurehead ✔

Option A: Classical rules that govern marketplace exchanges have been applied to the health care industry for decades

Option B: Labor costs have risen sharply

Option C: The continual upgrading in the scope and intensity of medical services is costly

Option D: The concept of “health” has been expanded to include mental and psychological difficulties and “condition” such as infertility

Correct Answer: Classical rules that govern marketplace exchanges have been applied to the health care industry for decades ✔

Option A: exist where children fail to learn because teachers cannot teach.

Option B: are unlikely to exist when teachers’ assessments of students are grounded by the stereotype’s teachers hold of various classes and racial groups

Option C: may result in student alienation and failure

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: may result in student alienation and failure ✔

Option A: completing socialization

Option B: social integration

Option C: research and development

Option D: procreation

Correct Answer: procreation ✔

Option A: Insight

Option B: Education

Option C: Learning

Option D: Manipulated cognition

Correct Answer: Manipulated cognition ✔

Option A: states that sacred considerations gain ascendancy over secular considerations

Option B: considerations trends toward modernization

Option C: is assumed to accompany the transformation of human societies from simple to complex forms

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: states that sacred considerations gain ascendancy over secular considerations ✔

Option A: is prevalent in industrial societies

Option B: entails the notion of mana

Option C: is centered upon the belief in powerful gods interested in human affairs

Option D: is illustrated by Buddhism

Correct Answer: entails the notion of mana ✔

Option A: constructed reality

Option B: latent function

Option C: manifest function

Option D: entrenched function

Correct Answer: manifest function ✔

Option A: cults of the capital

Option B: capital culture

Option C: cultural capital

Option D: culpable capture

Correct Answer: cultural capital ✔

Option A: cultural reproduction

Option B: passive consumption

Option C: conceptual abstraction

Option D: formal communication

Correct Answer: cultural reproduction ✔

Option A: curiosity

Option B: passivity

Option C: conformity

Option D: hierarchy

Correct Answer: curiosity ✔

Option A: Central Asia

Option B: North America and Western Europe

Option C: Latin America and the Caribbean

Option D: Arab States

Correct Answer: Central Asia ✔

Option A: comprehensive

Option B: meritocratic

Option C: selective

Option D: elitist

Correct Answer: meritocratic ✔

Option A: skill

Option B: talent

Option C: capacity

Option D: ability

Correct Answer: ability ✔

Option A: head teachers often encourage working class children to be ambitious

Option B: the structures of school life correspond to the structures of working life

Option C: education is a great divider not a leveler

Option D: schools provide the right kind of future workers for capitalist employers

Correct Answer: head teachers often encourage working class children to be ambitious ✔

Option A: religious economy

Option B: religious culture

Option C: religious ritual

Option D: religious polity

Correct Answer: religious economy ✔

Option A: Finland

Option B: Greece

Option C: Ireland

Option D: Spain

Correct Answer: Greece ✔

Option A: world-affirming

Option B: world-rejecting

Option C: world-enhancing

Option D: world-accommodating

Correct Answer: world-affirming ✔

Option A: church

Option B: denomination

Option C: sect

Option D: cult

Correct Answer: cult ✔

Option A: Buddhism

Option B: Confucianism

Option C: Hinduism

Option D: Taoism

Correct Answer: Hinduism ✔

Option A: the profound

Option B: the profuse

Option C: the profitable

Option D: the profane

Correct Answer: the profane ✔

Option A: Giles Kepel

Option B: Amartya Sen

Option C: Samuel Huntington

Option D: Michel Maffesoli

Correct Answer: Samuel Huntington ✔

Option A: an evangelical strand of Christianity

Option B: a non-established church

Option C: a variety of new religious movements

Option D: late and very rapid industrialization

Correct Answer: late and very rapid industrialization ✔

Option A: religious pluralism with many gods

Option B: believing without belonging

Option C: secularization against religion

Option D: belonging without believing

Correct Answer: believing without belonging ✔

Option A: Christianity,s influence in the West

Option B: the influence of the world religions on social development

Option C: how salvation beliefs have shaped the modern world economy

Option D: the impact of capitalism on the world religions

Correct Answer: the influence of the world religions on social development ✔

Option A: Max Weber

Option B: Emile Durkheim

Option C: Vilfredo Pareto

Option D: Karl Marx

Correct Answer: Karl Marx ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: anomie theory

Correct Answer: interactionist perspective ✔

Option A: bestowing status

Option B: transmitting knowledge

Option C: promoting social and political change

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: transmitting knowledge ✔

Option A: manifest

Option B: latent

Option C: positive

Option D: negative

Correct Answer: manifest ✔

Option A: macro-level analysis

Option B: macro-level analysis

Option C: resurgent fundamentalism

Option D: the interactionist approach to religion

Correct Answer: macro-level analysis ✔

Option A: Max Weber

Option B: Emile Durkheim

Option C: Karl Marx

Option D: Talcott Parsons

Correct Answer: Emile Durkheim ✔