Sociology MCQs

Option A: the increasing bureaucracy of the state has made religion only a marginal part of our lives

Option B: despite the weakening of traditional authority our everyday lives and common sense remain shaped by religious beliefs and values

Option C: religious participation in collective worship may have declined but people still practise their faiths in private

Option D: people are much more likely to discuss their religious beliefs in public informal settings

Correct Answer: despite the weakening of traditional authority our everyday lives and common sense remain shaped by religious beliefs and values ✔

Option A: a religious organization that claims total spiritual authority over its members

Option B: a church organized around voluntary rather than compulsory membership

Option C: a sect or cult with a very small following

Option D: a hierarchy of priests or other spiritual leaders

Correct Answer: a religious organization that claims total spiritual authority over its members ✔

Option A: the movement towards religious pluralism

Option B: inspirational Protestant groups who revived religious ideas

Option C: new religious movements who rejected traditional forms of labor

Option D: Calvinists who engaged in ascetic practices to gain signs of salvation

Correct Answer: Calvinists who engaged in ascetic practices to gain signs of salvation ✔

Option A: view “sickness” as a condition to which we attach socially devised meanings

Option B: are not interested in how the medical profession defines certain conditions as diseases

Option C: refer to the rising geriatric prisoner population in need of medical treatment as the “medicalization of deviance

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: A. view “sickness” as a condition to which we attach socially devised meanings ✔

Option A: is rooted in a tradition of equality

Option B: is based on the physician ability to reduce the “competence gap” between the physician and patient

Option C: may be evolving into a new type of relationship based on consumerism

Option D: is governed by the patient who manages the direction of the discussion

Correct Answer: may be evolving into a new type of relationship based on consumerism ✔

Option A: the correspondence principle

Option B: credentialism

Option C: the hidden curriculum

Option D: structural dyspepsia

Correct Answer: the correspondence principle ✔

Option A: foster the expectation that order will prevail in the classroom

Option B: leave discipline up to the individual teacher

Option C: emphasize the “whole student” over academic concerns

Option D: foster an atmosphere in which students are carefully monitored to ensure that they meet their obligations

Correct Answer: foster the expectation that order will prevail in the classroom ✔

Option A: a vehicle by which we reveal to one another that we share a common mental state

Option B: a vehicle through which we create a shared consciousness that contributes to social bonding

Option C: creating a pool of individuals with the attitudes and values necessary to function as entrepreneurs

Option D: producing another-worldly focus that diverts the oppressed from seeking social change in this world

Correct Answer: creating a pool of individuals with the attitudes and values necessary to function as entrepreneurs ✔

Option A: a cult

Option B: a sect

Option C: a church

Option D: a denomination

Correct Answer: a cult ✔

Option A: animism

Option B: religion

Option C: socialization

Option D: totemism

Correct Answer: religion ✔

Option A: schools prepare children for work by teaching them to be obedient

Option B: teachers and parents tend to have similar attitudes to learning

Option C: children who write lots of letters develop a better grasp of language

Option D: boys and girls educational achievements have recently become similar

Correct Answer: schools prepare children for work by teaching them to be obedient ✔

Option A: this pattern of speech made them the target of bullying

Option B: they referred to explicit context independent meanings

Option C: they prevented children from communicating outside of their peer groups

Option D: they involved short simple sentences with a small vocabulary

Correct Answer: they involved short simple sentences with a small vocabulary ✔

Option A: reading

Option B: numeracy

Option C: emotion

Option D: speech

Correct Answer: speech ✔

Option A: teenagers

Option B: travelles

Option C: workers

Option D: pensioners

Correct Answer: pensioners ✔

Option A: anomie

Option B: privatization

Option C: institutional racism

Option D: ethnocentrism

Correct Answer: privatization ✔

Option A: lifelong learning

Option B: extended education

Option C: e-learning

Option D: de-schooling

Correct Answer: lifelong learning ✔

Option A: an objectified state

Option B: an institutionalized form

Option C: a symbolic form

Option D: an embodied state

Correct Answer: a symbolic form ✔

Option A: the process of delivering relevant skills and knowledge

Option B: a knowledge and understanding of society’s high culture

Option C: a social institution promoting the acquisition of skills and knowledge

Option D: the skills and knowledge required for employment in a relevant field

Correct Answer: a social institution promoting the acquisition of skills and knowledge ✔

Option A: traditional practices and modes of life have been revived but combined with concerns that relate specifically to modern times

Option B: a growing belief in literal interpretations of sacred texts

Option C: a uniquely political phenomenon associated with introducing Islamic principles into laws and government

Option D: traditional practices and modes of life have been revived without any reference to recent historical events involving external non-Islam countries

Correct Answer: traditional practices and modes of life have been revived but combined with concerns that relate specifically to modern times ✔

Option A: secularization

Option B: evangelicalism

Option C: fundamentalism

Option D: alienation

Correct Answer: secularization ✔

Option A: traditional authority

Option B: rational argument

Option C: personal qualities

Option D: collective wealth

Correct Answer: personal qualities ✔

Option A: Judaism

Option B: Islam

Option C: Hinduism

Option D: Christianity

Correct Answer: Islam ✔

Option A: social inequality

Option B: social change

Option C: social solidarity

Option D: social conflict

Correct Answer: social change ✔

Option A: alienation

Option B: anomie

Option C: authority

Option D: animism

Correct Answer: alienation ✔

Option A: strict or literal adherence to basic religious principles and beliefs

Option B: acceptance and use of violent means to transform secular societies

Option C: commitment to the fundamental beliefs of charismatic leaders

Option D: religious beliefs associated with new age sects

Correct Answer: strict or literal adherence to basic religious principles and beliefs ✔

Option A: Judaism

Option B: Buddhism

Option C: Islam

Option D: Hinduism

Correct Answer: Islam ✔

Option A: Islam

Option B: Confucianism

Option C: Buddhism

Option D: Hinduism

Correct Answer: Hinduism ✔

Option A: collective consciousness

Option B: collective interaction

Option C: collective effervescence

Option D: class consciousness

Correct Answer: collective effervescence ✔

Option A: religion is a form of culture

Option B: religion involves belief in God

Option C: religion provides a sense of purpose

Option D: religion involves beliefs and ritual practices

Correct Answer: religion involves belief in God ✔

Option A: Authority figures

Option B: Retired in isolation

Option C: Honored but restrained

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Authority figures ✔

Option A: functionalism

Option B: symbolic interactionism

Option C: psychoanalysis

Option D: cognitive theory

Correct Answer: symbolic interactionism ✔

Option A: achieved status

Option B: ascribed status

Option C: master status

Option D: status set

Correct Answer: master status ✔

Option A: middle-range function

Option B: consumption function

Option C: latent function

Option D: structural function

Correct Answer: latent function ✔

Option A: schools prepare children work by teaching them to be obedient

Option B: teachers and parents tend to have similar attitudes to learning

Option C: children who write lots of letters develop a better grasp of language

Option D: boys’ and girls’ educational achievements have recently become similar

Correct Answer: schools prepare children work by teaching them to be obedient ✔

Option A: mothers who are living in poverty cannot afford to give their children the resources that other children enjoy

Option B: children deprived of an early secure attachment to their mother are prone to suffer physically intellectually and socially in later life

Option C: mothering is a socially constructed activity identified in the narratives of new mothers

Option D: deprivation is something children inherit usually through their mothers’ side

Correct Answer: children deprived of an early secure attachment to their mother are prone to suffer physically intellectually and socially in later life ✔

Option A: the group of structural theories of society that he was reacting against

Option B: the overall impression of ourselves that we try to give off to others

Option C: a significant figure in early childhood who teaches us the general values of society

Option D: an image of how people in the wider society might perceive our behavior

Correct Answer: an image of how people in the wider society might perceive our behavior ✔

Option A: taking a stand on the issues neglected by feminism

Option B: studying society from the perspective of women

Option C: the recognition of difference and diversity in women’s lives

Option D: a tendency to ignore the gendered nature of knowledge

Correct Answer: studying society from the perspective of women ✔

Option A: Patients judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender age social class and ethnic group

Option B: The sick role may be more applicable to people experiencing short-term illnesses than those with recurring long -term illnesses

Option C: Even simple factors such as whether a person is employed or not seem to affect willingness to assume the sick role

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: all of the above ✔

Option A: Achieved through effort

Option B: Ascribed to use by society

Option C: Both a and b

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Ascribed to use by society ✔

Option A: Role playing

Option B: Role sets

Option C: Role adjustment

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Role sets ✔

Option A: Role

Option B: Status

Option C: Both a and b

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Role ✔

Option A: Broadening of role specification

Option B: Plurality of moralities

Option C: Increase in number of achievable positions

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: None of these ✔

Option A: conditional

Option B: unconditionally legitimate

Option C: modified legitimate

Option D: illegitimate

Correct Answer: modified legitimate ✔

Option A: front regions

Option B: back regions

Option C: public regions

Option D: social regions

Correct Answer: front regions ✔

Option A: a position

Option B: a role

Option C: a performance

Option D: an impression

Correct Answer: a role ✔

Option A: age

Option B: income

Option C: verbal fluency

Option D: occupation

Correct Answer: occupation ✔

Option A: adolescence and gender roles varied between societies and so were culturally determined

Option B: gender roles in three New Guinea societies were identical and so must be biologically determined

Option C: adolescence in the USA is a time of relative calm compared to the experience in Japan and Europe

Option D: anthropological fieldwork can be problematic because the researcher’s values affect the way they interpret their observations

Correct Answer: adolescence and gender roles varied between societies and so were culturally determined ✔

Option A: the unconscious mass of instinctive drives that may be repressed

Option B: the self as a whole an unstable mix of conscious and unconscious elements

Option C: the conscious part of the mind that regulates emotional drives on a practical rational level

Option D: the neurotic part of the mind that longs for belonging and may suffer an inferiority complex

Correct Answer: the conscious part of the mind that regulates emotional drives on a practical rational level ✔

Option A: we internalize and take on social roles from a pre-existing framework

Option B: we create and negotiate our roles through interaction with others

Option C: social roles are not fixed or stable but fluid and pluralistic

Option D: roles have to be learned to suppress unconscious motivations

Correct Answer: we internalize and take on social roles from a pre-existing framework ✔

Option A: public opinion

Option B: social movements

Option C: rumors

Option D: crowds

Correct Answer: social movements ✔

Option A: Mental and physical proficiency

Option B: inherited and good early environment

Option C: (a)mainly depending on (b)

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: (a)mainly depending on (b) ✔

Option A: Ascribed

Option B: Achieved

Option C: both a and b

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Achieved ✔

Option A: Actual behavior

Option B: Supposed behavior

Option C: Ascribed behavior

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Actual behavior ✔

Option A: personality

Option B: Phenomenon

Option C: Situation

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Phenomenon ✔

Option A: Role

Option B: Status

Option C: Both a and b

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Status ✔

Option A: reverse socialization

Option B: face-work

Option C: studied nonobservance

Option D: anticipatory socialization

Correct Answer: face-work ✔

Option A: George Herbert Mead

Option B: Charles Horton Cooley

Option C: Erving Goffman

Option D: Harry Harlow

Correct Answer: Charles Horton Cooley ✔

Option A: is one social phenomenon that has changed little over time

Option B: is less bureaucratic than it was in the past

Option C: is a biological event with no associated social reality?

Option D: requires a new definition of self

Correct Answer: requires a new definition of self ✔

Option A: sex

Option B: love and work

Option C: socialization

Option D: preparation for death

Correct Answer: love and work ✔

Option A: introspective rejuvenation

Option B: self-ethnography

Option C: social comparisons

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: social comparisons ✔

Option A: nonverbal communication constitutes the majority of a message in communication

Option B: verbal communication is more important than touch and touch is more important than artifacts in communicating a message

Option C: definitions of the situation differ, and common understanding is impossible

Option D: if situations are defined as real they are real in their consequences

Correct Answer: if situations are defined as real they are real in their consequences ✔

Option A: culture

Option B: definition of the situation

Option C: social communication

Option D: socialization

Correct Answer: socialization ✔

Option A: Self

Option B: rudimentary personality

Option C: Language

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: rudimentary personality ✔

Option A: Biology being the major constraints does not allow any change in human nature hence socialization does not change much of human individual nature

Option B: Individual is the product of social group within which he is socialized

Option C: The nature-nurture controversy has ended in favor of nurture and the bio-sociologists have failed to promote their thesis

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Individual is the product of social group within which he is socialized ✔

Option A: school

Option B: family

Option C: television

Option D: peer group

Correct Answer: family ✔

Option A: sexual characteristics are the biological determinants of gender

Option B: heterosexuality and homosexuality are essential opposing identities

Option C: the tow-sex model replaced the one-sex model in the eighteenth century

Option D: gender is performed through bodily gestures and styles to create sex

Correct Answer: gender is performed through bodily gestures and styles to create sex ✔

Option A: both boys and girls being closely attached to their mothers, but then boys breaking away

Option B: girls being attached to their mothers but then breaking away

Option C: boys being attached to their fathers and girls to their mothers

Option D: both boys and girls being closely attached to their fathers, but girls breaking away

Correct Answer: both boys and girls being closely attached to their mothers, but then boys breaking away ✔

Option A: affectual

Option B: affective

Option C: effective

Option D: infected

Correct Answer: affectual ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: labeling theory

Correct Answer: interactionist perspective ✔

Option A: hospitals

Option B: mental health clinics

Option C: insurance companies

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: all of the above ✔

Option A: reverse socialization

Option B: face-work

Option C: studied nonobservance

Option D: anticipatory socialization

Correct Answer: face-work ✔

Option A: reared in an interracial family

Option B: kept in almost total seclusion for the first six years of her life

Option C: subjected to mistreatment in a mental institution

Option D: a child whose language skills were of genius calibre

Correct Answer: kept in almost total seclusion for the first six years of her life ✔

Option A: Internalization theory

Option B: Role theory

Option C: Symbolic theory

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Internalization theory ✔

Option A: Not socialized by adults while they were growing

Option B: Were given extremely protected environment

Option C: Were over socialized

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Not socialized by adults while they were growing ✔

Option A: Broad Socialization

Option B: Narrow Socialization

Option C: cultural impact

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Narrow Socialization ✔

Option A: Independence and self-expression

Option B: Obedience and Conformity

Option C: both a and b

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Independence and self-expression ✔

Option A: Total institution

Option B: Isolated Society

Option C: Closed society

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Total institution ✔

Option A: Primary socialization

Option B: Secondary

Option C: Developmental

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Primary socialization ✔

Option A: family

Option B: Peer group

Option C: school

Option D: state

Correct Answer: family ✔

Option A: a university

Option B: a mental hospital

Option C: a factory

Option D: each of the above

Correct Answer: a mental hospital ✔

Option A: George Herbert Mead

Option B: Charles Horton Cooley

Option C: Erving Goffman

Option D: W.I Thomas

Correct Answer: George Herbert Mead ✔

Option A: Jean Piaget

Option B: Edward O.Wilson

Option C: Erving Goffman

Option D: Harry Harlow

Correct Answer: Edward O.Wilson ✔

Option A: age norms

Option B: life events

Option C: social clocks

Option D: remarkably similar for men and women

Correct Answer: life events ✔

Option A: impression management

Option B: the Thomas theorem

Option C: the looking -glass self

Option D: the dramaturgical approach

Correct Answer: the dramaturgical approach ✔

Option A: esoteric social readjustment

Option B: an egocentric bias

Option C: the looking -glass self

Option D: the formation of the self

Correct Answer: an egocentric bias ✔

Option A: conditioning

Option B: personal efficacy

Option C: reflexive behavior

Option D: egocentric bias

Correct Answer: conditioning ✔

Option A: closer to the center of the self than the moral rules

Option B: provide a focus for allegiance

Option C: are compellers of action

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: are compellers of action ✔

Option A: Religious ritual

Option B: changelessness

Option C: idealized ways of thinking and doing

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Religious ritual ✔

Option A: feeling their self-esteem threatened by the lack a close relationship

Option B: learning that to be a man is to reject being like a woman

Option C: feeling endangered by close intimate emotional relationships

Option D: developing a detached and analytical approach to the world

Correct Answer: feeling their self-esteem threatened by the lack a close relationship ✔

Option A: a lack of equal rights and opportunities for men and women

Option B: sex classes through which men oppress women economically politically and sexually

Option C: women’s domestic labor being exploited by the capitalist econorny

Option D: the dual systems of capitalist and male domination

Correct Answer: women’s domestic labor being exploited by the capitalist econorny ✔

Option A: the formation of an attachment bond between an infant and its carer

Option B: a tendency of social theorists to explain everything in terms of social causes

Option C: the process of becoming part of a society by learning its norms and values

Option D: the historical process by which societies change from traditional to modern

Correct Answer: the process of becoming part of a society by learning its norms and values ✔

Option A: rationalization

Option B: colonization

Option C: McDonaldization

Option D: socialization

Correct Answer: socialization ✔

Option A: the contact hypothesis

Option B: a self-fulfilling prophecy

Option C: scapegoating

Option D: reverse discrimination

Correct Answer: a self-fulfilling prophecy ✔

Option A: family

Option B: peer group

Option C: school

Option D: state

Correct Answer: family ✔

Option A: Isabelle and the impact of social isolation on the socialization process

Option B: Nell and the impact of social isolation on the socialization process

Option C: rhesus monkeys that had been raised away from their mothers

Option D: nature versus nurture that focused on sociobiology

Correct Answer: rhesus monkeys that had been raised away from their mothers ✔

Option A: object of socializing process

Option B: novice

Option C: principal

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: novice ✔

Option A: Creativity

Option B: Self-reliance

Option C: Conformity

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Conformity ✔

Option A: Arnett

Option B: Long & Hadden

Option C: Henslin

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Long & Hadden ✔

Option A: Symbolic interactionism

Option B: Role theory

Option C: Reinforcement theory

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Reinforcement theory ✔

Option A: Role theory

Option B: Reinforcement theory

Option C: Symbolic interactionism

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Symbolic interactionism ✔