Sociology MCQs

Option A: Individualism

Option B: solidarity

Option C: Harmony

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Individualism ✔

Option A: Decrease in social solidarity

Option B: Increased development

Option C: Industrialization

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Decrease in social solidarity ✔

Option A: Max Weber

Option B: Karl Marx

Option C: Emile Durkheim

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Emile Durkheim ✔

Option A: Alienation from the results of production

Option B: low wages

Option C: Job insecurity

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Alienation from the results of production ✔

Option A: Increasingly happy individuals

Option B: Increasingly unhappy individuals

Option C: Equality in society

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Increasingly unhappy individuals ✔

Option A: the capitalist

Option B: the working class

Option C: the middle man

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: the working class ✔

Option A: rationality

Option B: Cultural pursuits

Option C: Increased development

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: rationality ✔

Option A: Horticulture

Option B: Agriculture

Option C: Industrialization

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Industrialization ✔

Option A: Fertile crescent Region of Middle East

Option B: East Asia

Option C: Central and South America

Option D: Southeast Asia

Correct Answer: Fertile crescent Region of Middle East ✔

Option A: Industrial agriculture

Option B: Subsistence agriculture

Option C: both a and b

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: both a and b ✔

Option A: Agriculturist and his/her family

Option B: The population on village level

Option C: The larger part of population

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Agriculturist and his/her family ✔

Option A: Hunter gatherer society

Option B: Pastoralist society

Option C: Agrarian society

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Pastoralist society ✔

Option A: a settled system of life

Option B: a mobile system

Option C: large populations

Option D: exploitation of wild animals and plants

Correct Answer: exploitation of wild animals and plants ✔

Option A: ritualist

Option B: retreatism

Option C: rebel

Option D: innovator

Correct Answer: ritualist ✔

Option A: Switzerland Sweden Norway Portugal

Option B: Sweden Norway Switzerland Portugal

Option C: Portugal Switzerland Norway Sweden

Option D: Switzerland Norway Portugal Sweden

Correct Answer: Switzerland Sweden Norway Portugal ✔

Option A: Brazil

Option B: South korea

Option C: Taiwan

Option D: Hungary

Correct Answer: Hungary ✔

Option A: countries that industrialized after those in Europe

Option B: countries that industrialized less successfully than Europe

Option C: countries that industrialized under state central planning

Option D: countries that have yet to proceed to industrialize

Correct Answer: countries that industrialized under state central planning ✔

Option A: agrarian society

Option B: ancient society

Option C: Industrial society

Option D: pastoral society

Correct Answer: Industrial society ✔

Option A: Latin America

Option B: South Asia

Option C: Arab States

Option D: East Asia

Correct Answer: Latin America ✔

Option A: ways of behaving that are external to individuals

Option B: only things that have been shown to be true

Option C: social insights into collective behavior

Option D: information captured by official statistics

Correct Answer: ways of behaving that are external to individuals ✔

Option A: indoctrination and propaganda

Option B: freedom of movement for citizens

Option C: one-party rule

Option D: a centrally planned economy

Correct Answer: freedom of movement for citizens ✔

Option A: scientists are guided in their work by social values and interests, so they define and measure phenomena that will support their theories

Option B: people negotiate shared definitions of their situation and live according to these often forgetting that these social worlds are not fixed and external

Option C: sociologists decide what constitutes social reality and measure only that

Option D: terms like reality have no deeper meaning beyond the level of discourse

Correct Answer: people negotiate shared definitions of their situation and live according to these often forgetting that these social worlds are not fixed and external ✔

Option A: a complex network of interaction at a micro-level

Option B: a source of conflict inequality and alienation

Option C: an unstable structure of social relations

Option D: a normative framework of roles and institutions

Correct Answer: a normative framework of roles and institutions ✔

Option A: classical theory

Option B: scientific management approach

Option C: human relations approach

Option D: both a and b

Correct Answer: both a and b ✔

Option A: Interdependence

Option B: Specialization

Option C: Occupational Friendships

Option D: All of these

Correct Answer: All of these ✔

Option A: chaos

Option B: Solidarity

Option C: Harmony

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: chaos ✔

Option A: Social solidarity

Option B: Social alienation

Option C: Individualism

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Social solidarity ✔

Option A: Same as Marx envisioned

Option B: is different from Marxian view

Option C: opposite to Marxian view

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: opposite to Marxian view ✔

Option A: Democracy

Option B: Communism

Option C: Dictatorship

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Communism ✔

Option A: the capitalist

Option B: the working class

Option C: equally distributed

Option D: to none of these

Correct Answer: the working class ✔

Option A: the capitalist

Option B: the working class

Option C: the middle man

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: the capitalist ✔

Option A: Self-actualization

Option B: Self-denial

Option C: None of these

Option D: both of these

Correct Answer: Self-actualization ✔

Option A: Emile Durkhiem

Option B: Max Weber

Option C: August Comte

Option D: Karl Marx

Correct Answer: Max Weber ✔

Option A: in Europe during 18th and 19th centuries

Option B: in America in 20th century

Option C: in Asia in 17th century

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: A. in Europe during 18^th and 19^th centuries ✔

Option A: 10,000 to 80,00, B.C.E

Option B: 1000 to 8000 B.C.C

Option C: 100 to 800 B.C.E

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: 10,000 to 80,00, B.C.E ✔

Option A: Agriculture employs machinery but horticulture not

Option B: Horticulture employs machinery and other tools

Option C: Horticulture only depends on humans for cultivation

Option D: a and c both

Correct Answer: a and c both ✔

Option A: cultivation of crops

Option B: Dense populations

Option C: Food surplus and division of labor

Option D: All of above

Correct Answer: All of above ✔

Option A: domesticated livestock

Option B: agriculture

Option C: Trade and business

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: domesticated livestock ✔

Option A: Who share a defined territory

Option B: Who share a common culture

Option C: Who have different cultures

Option D: a& b both

Correct Answer: a& b both ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: both a and b

Correct Answer: both a and b ✔

Option A: function perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: labeling theory

Correct Answer: interactionist perspective ✔

Option A: upward intergenerational mobility

Option B: upward intergenerational mobility

Option C: downward intergenerational mobility

Option D: downward intergenerational mobility

Correct Answer: upward intergenerational mobility ✔

Option A: colonialism has largely disappeared

Option B: colonialism was for the most part beneficial for poor uncivilized countries

Option C: colonialism was inevitable and necessary for human civilization

Option D: colonialism is perpetuated to this day by practices known as neo-colonialism

Correct Answer: colonialism is perpetuated to this day by practices known as neo-colonialism ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: labelling perspective

Correct Answer: functionalist perspective ✔

Option A: conformity deviance and social control

Option B: class status and power

Option C: class caste and age

Option D: class prestige and esteem

Correct Answer: class status and power ✔

Option A: Hinduism

Option B: Islam

Option C: Judaism

Option D: Buddhism

Correct Answer: Hinduism ✔

Option A: an urban set involved in civic bodies and voluntary associations

Option B: too diverse to have a strong sense of class consciousness

Option C: often involved in white collar work

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: all of the above ✔

Option A: shared working conditions in the manufacturing industry

Option B: the class consciousness of members of the proletariat

Option C: local communities extended kinship networks and shared leisure pursuits

Option D: collective aspirations to move into the middle class

Correct Answer: local communities extended kinship networks and shared leisure pursuits ✔

Option A: first decreases then increases before remaining high

Option B: first increases then decreases before remaining low

Option C: first increases then flattens out, before rising again

Option D: first increases then decreases then increases then decreases

Correct Answer: first decreases then increases before remaining high ✔

Option A: operational research

Option B: modus operandum

Option C: operationalization

Option D: operant conditioning

Correct Answer: modus operandum ✔

Option A: endogamy

Option B: endogeny

Option C: exegesis

Option D: exclusion

Correct Answer: endogeny ✔

Option A: slavery

Option B: caste

Option C: class

Option D: status

Correct Answer: class ✔

Option A: class inequalities govern gender stratification

Option B: women’s pay is often essential to the family’s economic position

Option C: women’s paid work is not as significant as that of men

Option D: women should be seen as being the same class as their husbands/partners

Correct Answer: women’s pay is often essential to the family’s economic position ✔

Option A: political

Option B: economic capital

Option C: social capital

Option D: cultural capital

Correct Answer: political ✔

Option A: students

Option B: manual working class

Option C: the unemployed

Option D: retired people

Correct Answer: manual working class ✔

Option A: class systems are relatively fluid

Option B: class position is entirely subjective

Option C: class is economically based

Option D: class positions are in part achieved

Correct Answer: class position is entirely subjective ✔

Option A: Conflict theory is better at explaining inequality

Option B: Only functionalist theory has merit when discussing social structure

Option C: Some sociologists have tried to synthesize the conflict and functionalist perspectives to argue that stratification systems are institutions that have evolved in order to reduce conflict

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: Some sociologists have tried to synthesize the conflict and functionalist perspectives to argue that stratification systems are institutions that have evolved in order to reduce conflict ✔

Option A: its benefits individuals and groups who have the power to dominate and exploit others

Option B: privilege prestige and power are equally distributed in society

Option C: the capitalist drive to distribute wealth equitably is the foundation of modern society

Option D: capitalists and workers are class conscious

Correct Answer: its benefits individuals and groups who have the power to dominate and exploit others ✔

Option A: intergenerational mobility

Option B: socioeconomic life cycle

Option C: vertical mobility

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: socioeconomic life cycle ✔

Option A: Social mobility occurs only when shifts occur in the availability of different types of talent in the work force

Option B: Social mobility can occur when societies change altering the division of labor

Option C: Social mobility is controlled by those in the higher strata through control of opportunities for training and education

Option D: none of above

Correct Answer: Social mobility can occur when societies change altering the division of labor ✔

Option A: the poor who are concentrated in isolated rural areas

Option B: individuals who experience occasional poverty but who move back into the “mainstream” of economic life within 12 months

Option C: the persistently poor who exist mainly because of a sharp climb in joblessness due to a redistribution of jobs in the inner city

Option D: both b and c

Correct Answer: the persistently poor who exist mainly because of a sharp climb in joblessness due to a redistribution of jobs in the inner city ✔

Option A: large densely populated areas

Option B: small groups

Option C: highly transient communities

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: small groups ✔

Option A: inequality occurs in a random fashion

Option B: inequalities are passed from generation to generation

Option C: inequality is regulated by the government

Option D: none of the above is true

Correct Answer: inequalities are passed from generation to generation ✔

Option A: Marx

Option B: Weber

Option C: Parsons

Option D: Lincoln

Correct Answer: Marx ✔

Option A: Cultural groups

Option B: Social and economic classes

Option C: Ethnic groups

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Social and economic classes ✔

Option A: family capitalism

Option B: managerial capitalism

Option C: welfare capitalism

Option D: institutional

Correct Answer: institutional ✔

Option A: Prejudice

Option B: discrimination

Option C: racism

Option D: projection

Correct Answer: discrimination ✔

Option A: Max Weber

Option B: John Goldthorpe

Option C: Karl Marx

Option D: Pierre Bourdieu

Correct Answer: Pierre Bourdieu ✔

Option A: senior executives

Option B: industrial entrepreneurs

Option C: finance capitalists

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: senior executives ✔

Option A: endogamy

Option B: endogeny

Option C: exegesis

Option D: exclusion

Correct Answer: endogeny ✔

Option A: social research should highlight the positive aspects of social life

Option B: knowledge should be produced based on evidence from observations

Option C: sociologists should make more use of official statistics

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: knowledge should be produced based on evidence from observations ✔

Option A: the best possible outcome available

Option B: a perspective emphasizing the primacy of ideas

Option C: a model based on certain features of a phenomenon

Option D: the social agenda of political idealists

Correct Answer: a model based on certain features of a phenomenon ✔

Option A: the tendency for the working class not to realize their own interests

Option B: a dominant ideology that legitimates economic political

Option C: a form of dual consciousness based on ideology and everyday experiences

Option D: a mode of payment given for outstanding topiary

Correct Answer: a dominant ideology that legitimates economic political ✔

Option A: capitalists are being replaced by salaried managers with bureaucratic authority

Option B: the affluent working class is adopting middle class values and ways of life

Option C: white collar occupations are being deskilled by the introduction of new technologies into the workplace

Option D: the class structure has fragmented and there are no longer any distinct social classes

Correct Answer: the affluent working class is adopting middle class values and ways of life ✔

Option A: the division of each social class into the more or less privileged.

Option B: a growing gap between rich and poor resulting in class consciousness

Option C: the growth of intermediate strata in the middle classes

Option D: the tendency for the working class to live in very could places

Correct Answer: a growing gap between rich and poor resulting in class consciousness ✔

Option A: a level in the social hierarchy comprising people with shared life chances

Option B: a methodological tool used to identify a person’s social class

Option C: the boundary between two levels of the social hierarchy

Option D: a symbol of status used to differentiate between social classes

Correct Answer: a level in the social hierarchy comprising people with shared life chances ✔

Option A: a level in the social hierarchy comprising people with shared life chances

Option B: a methodological tool used to identify a person’s social class

Option C: the boundary between two levels of the social hierarchy

Option D: a symbol of status used to differentiate between social classes

Correct Answer: a level in the social hierarchy comprising people with shared life chances ✔

Option A: the globalization of culture through new technologies

Option B: they way in which cultural products were bought and sold for profit

Option C: the development of subcultures and counter-cultures in society

Option D: they way in which industrialization had created new means of communication

Correct Answer: they way in which cultural products were bought and sold for profit ✔

Option A: this pattern of speech made them the target of bullying

Option B: they referred to explicit context independent meanings

Option C: they prevented children from communicating outside of their peer groups

Option D: they involved short simple sentences with a small vocabulary

Correct Answer: they involved short simple sentences with a small vocabulary ✔

Option A: class consciousness

Option B: false consciousness

Option C: socialist consciousness

Option D: surplus value

Correct Answer: false consciousness ✔

Option A: Richard Quincy

Option B: Edwin Sutherland

Option C: Emile Durkheim

Option D: William Chambliss

Correct Answer: William Chambliss ✔

Option A: Emile Durkheim

Option B: Max Weber

Option C: Auguste Comte

Option D: Harriet Martineau

Correct Answer: Harriet Martineau ✔

Option A: culture of poverty

Option B: Culture of lower class

Option C: Mere poverty

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: culture of poverty ✔

Option A: Behavior

Option B: Set of values

Option C: Way of life

Option D: All of above

Correct Answer: All of above ✔

Option A: Same income level

Option B: Way of life values

Option C: Both of the values

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: Both of the values ✔

Option A: a system in which people can change their status with relative ease.

Option B: the ranking or grading of individuals and groups into hierarchical layers

Option C: based entirely on self-classification

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: the ranking or grading of individuals and groups into hierarchical layers ✔

Option A: geriatrics

Option B: gerontology

Option C: gerontocracy

Option D: silicide

Correct Answer: gerontology ✔

Option A: it is estimated that women grow half the world’s food but they rarely own land.

Option B: Women constitute one-third of the world’s paid labor force but are generally found in the lowest paying jobs

Option C: Single-parent households headed by women which appear to be on the increase in many nations -are typically found in the poorest section of the population

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: all of the above ✔

Option A: functionalist perspective

Option B: conflict perspective

Option C: interactionist perspective

Option D: dramaturgical perspective

Correct Answer: functionalist perspective ✔

Option A: downward intergenerational mobility

Option B: upward intergenerational mobility

Option C: downward intergenerational mobility

Option D: upward intergenerational mobility

Correct Answer: downward intergenerational mobility ✔

Option A: prestige

Option B: esteem

Option C: status

Option D: power

Correct Answer: esteem ✔

Option A: Max Weber

Option B: Emile Durkheim

Option C: Erving Goffman

Option D: Karl Marx

Correct Answer: Karl Marx ✔

Option A: bourgeois consciousness

Option B: false consciousness

Option C: class consciousness

Option D: caste consciousness

Correct Answer: class consciousness ✔

Option A: slavery

Option B: open class system

Option C: closed caste systems

Option D: caste systems

Correct Answer: slavery ✔

Option A: those in non-manual occupations exercising authority on behalf of the state

Option B: people working in consultancy firms who were recruited by big businesses

Option C: the young men and women employed in domestic service in the nineteenth century

Option D: those who had worked in the armed services

Correct Answer: those in non-manual occupations exercising authority on behalf of the state ✔

Option A: age

Option B: income

Option C: verbal fluency

Option D: occupation

Correct Answer: occupation ✔

Option A: Max Weber

Option B: John Goldthorpe

Option C: Karl Marx

Option D: Pierre Bourdieu

Correct Answer: Pierre Bourdieu ✔

Option A: their holders do not believe in the notion of class

Option B: they share features of the positions above and below them

Option C: there is disagreement about how to interpret them

Option D: they are impossible for sociologists to measure and classify

Correct Answer: they are impossible for sociologists to measure and classify ✔

Option A: people share characteristics without necessarily identifying with each other

Option B: people’s life-chances and experiences depend heavily on their social ranking

Option C: the ranks of different social categories tend to change very slowly over time

Option D: stratification occurs because of inequalities in assets or property

Correct Answer: people’s life-chances and experiences depend heavily on their social ranking ✔

Option A: social class and gender

Option B: gender and ethnicity

Option C: ethnicity and sexuality

Option D: all of them

Correct Answer: all of them ✔