A. Contiguity and conditioning
B. Habituation and contiguity
C. Blocking and preparedness
D. Blocking and autoshaping
E. Preparedness and conditioning
Correct Answer: Blocking and preparedness ✔
Last Updated: May 01, 2024
Related MCQs
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Which THREE of the following are true regarding habituation and dishabituation?
1:Habituation involves a gradual reduction in the magnitude of the response to repeated presentation of the response of a stimulus
2:In dishabituation, the response returns when a salient extraneous stimulus is presented just before a trial with the habituated stimulus
3:Habituation is caused by sensory-motor fatigue
4:Habituation occurs as a consequence of the repeated presentation of a single event - What type of learning do not rely on forming associations among stimuli and events?
- How might behaviours of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) explained by principles of instrumental learning?
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Phobias can be very debilitating and distressing phenomena. Which, if any, of the following statements are correct in relation to Watson and Rayner’s (1920) research into them?
1:Watson and Rayner speculated that the complexity of emotional responsiveness in adults might be explained by the conditioning of children’s simple emotional reactions when they are exposed to new stimuli
2:Watson and Rayner found evidence for emotional from a test trial in which the rat was accompanied by the noise
3:The fear reaction in Albert could be produced by a loud noise
4:None of the above - Which of the following statements applies to Gracia and Koelling(1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and the click?
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Which TWO of the following are true of the learning set procedure?
1:The animals learns to focus on classes of cues that are inaccurate predictors of reward
2:In the win-stay, lose-shift strategy, the animal learns to persist with a choice that yields food, but shift to the other object if it does not
3:In the learning-set procedure, all stimuli and associations have equal effect on the animal’s behaviour
4:The occurrence of reward can be regarded as a stimulus that can enter into associations or acquire discriminative control over an instrumental action - If you intended to stop at the corner shop on the way home from school, but instead took your usual path from school to your home and missed the corner shop, then your behaviour has been controlled by which type of learning?
- Which of the following does NOT apply to spatial learning in the rate?
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Which TWO of the following statements are true of blocking?
1: The phenomenon of blocking provides an interesting and much-studied instance of failure to learn, in spite of contiguous presentations of the CS and the US
2: In a blocking experiment, animals receive training with what is termed a compound CS (Phase 2)
3: The experimental group has first received a phase of training in which the US alone is conditioned (Phase 1)
4: The experimental groups shows no (or very little evidence of learning about the CS that is presented in Phase 1 - Which of the following statements applies to instrumental learning?
- Which of the following statements about Pavlov’s dogs is FALSE?
- Learning cannot become meaningful unless an individual is not:
- learning the process of change in:
- Which of the following is decided in learning by doing:
- which of the following method of learning is used in learning by doing:
- In learning by insight, an individual:
- An individual learns through:
- In sight is a process is which an individual:
- In classical conditioning, events critical to the learning occur________the response:
- A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called:
- The link between physical and subsequent aggressive behavior is probably best explained by:
- Nolan used to love tequila. However, a few weeks ago he drank way too much tequila and became very, very sick. His tendency to drink tequila has since declined dramatically. In operant terms, this sequence of events represents:
- Positive reinforcement__the rate of responding negative reinforcement________the rate of responding.
- A primary reinforcer has____reinforcing properties; a secondary reinforcer has______reinforcing properties.
- The phenomenon of higher-order conditioning shows that:
- After repeatedly pairing a tone with meat powder, Pavlov found that a dog will salivate when the tone is presented. Salivation to the tone is a (n):
- In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a:
- In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, salivation was the
- In_______-reinforcement, the reinforcer follows every correct response.
- In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, food was the:
- A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minutes period is being reinforced on a_____schedule of reinforcement.
- The technique of using desensitization involves:
- By definition_______always reduces the probability of a response occurring again.
- Negative reinforcement occurs when behavior:
- Edward Thorndike established the:
- Watson trained Little Albert to fear a white rat. In his experiment the loud noise was a (n):
- Rahila found that a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus only if it is contingent and:
- A child who has been frightened by a dog develops a fear response to all dogs. This is known as:
- Just the sight of Mary’s sexy nightgown makes Jim aroused. Mary’s nightgown serves as(n):
- If Pavlov wanted to stop his dogs from salivating to the sound of a bell he would put them through______training.
- In Pavlov’s experiment the dog’s food powder served as a (n):
- In learning by insight, an individual:
- Delivery of correct pronunciation is concerned with learning by:
- Which of the following action is not concerned with learning by imitation:
- In the act of imitation, an individual:
- Drinking water to extinguish thirst is:
- To see the people during and try to do the same is:
- Which of the following is the first step of learning by trial & error:
- In learning by trial & error, an individual carries on his work unless:
- In learning by trial & error, an individual:
- The direct experience: