Criminal Psychology MCQs

Option A: Age (tend to be young)

Option B: Males

Option C: Brain dysfunction

Option D: Associated with alcohol

Correct Answer: Brain dysfunction ✔

Option A: Statutory

Option B: Power- assurance

Option C: Anger- retaliatory

Option D: individualist- collectivist

Correct Answer: Power- assurance ✔

Option A: Rapists should be primarily of reproductive age. This is some evidence to support this hypothesis. It would support the evolutionary theory

Option B: Societal trends towards sexual egalitarianism should be associated with few rapes. This hypothesis has some evidence in support, e.g. Baron and Straus. This would support feminist theory

Option C: Rapists should hold attitudes that are more favorable towards rape and towards violence than other men. This would support social- learning theory. But this hypothesis is not clearly supported, e.g. Oberholser and Beck

Option D: All of them are correct

Correct Answer: All of them are correct ✔

Option A: The media give a similar message about violence as do other sources of socialization. Indeed, the media give messages about when it is appropriate to use violence and when it is not

Option B: Young violent offenders prefer violent videos compared to controls but they also tend to have been abused by their parents. When this factor is taken into account their media consumption is not different from controls

Option C: Violent crime statistics in the states show a delayed effect as result of the introduction of violent television but this claim is not supported in Great Britain

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Depressive

Option B: Over- controlled repressors

Option C: Paranoid- aggression

Option D: Homicidal protest

Correct Answer: Homicidal protest ✔

Option A: biological basis of aggression

Option B: adaptively basis of aggression

Option C: homicidal protest

Option D: media causes violence hypothesis

Correct Answer: adaptively basis of aggression ✔

Option A: There are many extremely violent individuals who will act violently in many situations and against many different targets

Option B: There is a great deal to suggest that violence is learnt

Option C: Field research is less indicative of an adverse influence of the media on violence contrary to laboratory studies which shows the clearest effects- often using meta- analysis

Option D: There is little evidence concerning the influence of media on actual acts of criminal violence. Most laboratory studies which show effects involve acts against dolls (these are not criminal acts)

Correct Answer: There are many extremely violent individuals who will act violently in many situations and against many different targets ✔

Option A: Women may learn different aggressive strategies from those used by man who are the physically stronger sex

Option B: Aggression in males may be expressed directly (e.g. fighting) but aggression in females may be expressed indirectly (e.g. gossiping about someone)

Option C: If relational victimization of girls and if aggression is seen as means of hurting someone than women may not differ so much from men in terms of using aggression

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: less likely that her son would be physically abused

Option B: more likely that her son was physically abused

Option C: more likely her son would be sexually abused

Option D: none of these

Correct Answer: less likely that her son would be physically abused ✔

Option A: Do the findings from psychological studies parallel what happens to real crime witnesses?

Option B: Should research findings be made available to the court to influence real trials?

Option C: Both (a) and (b)

Option D: Neither (a) nor (b)

Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) ✔

Option A: Preparing a story on the spot

Option B: Being original

Option C: Good acting ability

Option D: Not experiencing emotion

Correct Answer: Preparing a story on the spot ✔

Option A: Leadings

Option B: Change perspective

Option C: Report everything

Option D: Context reinstatement

Correct Answer: Leadings ✔

Option A: Inductive methods of profiling are often referred to as clinical in the style, while deductive methods are seen as ‘statistical’

Option B: Constructing psychological profiles of historical figures typically relies on specialist knowledge

Option C: Both ‘organized’ and ‘disorganized’ offenders are careful not to leave evidence

Option D: Profiling common characteristics of known offenders involves gathering data about the crime for multiple sources

Correct Answer: C. Both ‘organized’ and ‘disorganized’ offenders are careful not to leave evidence ✔

Option A: Overly harsh or lax parenting style

Option B: Criminality in the family

Option C: Low intelligence

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Antisocial behavior

Option B: History of mental illness

Option C: Family criminality

Option D: A and C

Correct Answer: A and C ✔

Option A: Distal factors

Option B: Conduct disorder

Option C: Poor parenting

Option D: (b) and (c)

Correct Answer: (b) and (c) ✔

Option A: Anger management

Option B: Encoding social cues

Option C: Deception

Option D: Memory retrieval

Correct Answer: Encoding social cues ✔

Option A: Cognitive interviews

Option B: Offender profiling

Option C: Being community- based

Option D: Focus on relationship with parents

Correct Answer: Being community- based ✔

Option A: Aggression replacement training

Option B: What Works program

Option C: Statement validity assessment

Option D: The Cambridge study

Correct Answer: The Cambridge study ✔

Option A: Indiscriminate targeting of treatment programs helps to reduce recidivism

Option B: The type of treatment program is important, with stronger evidence for unstructured behavioral and multi- model approaches

Option C: The most successful studies behavioral in nature, include a cognitive component

Option D: The most effective programs have low treatment integrity

Correct Answer: The most successful studies behavioral in nature, include a cognitive component ✔

Option A: legislative

Option B: individual

Option C: criminal

Option D: social

Correct Answer: social ✔

Option A: an overreaction against an event, such as a type of crime, which is seen as a threat to society’s values

Option B: the view that the world is full of crime and violence

Option C: a concept applied to mugging

Option D: a study of youth crime in Britain

Correct Answer: A. an overreaction against an event, such as a type of crime, which is seen as a threat to society’s values ✔

Option A: Professionals

Option B: Women

Option C: Men

Option D: Those over 75 years- of age

Correct Answer: Women ✔

Option A: Those who fear crime the most tend to become the victims of crime

Option B: There is little, or no relationship between and individual’s risk of victimization and their level of fear of crime

Option C: It simply refers to the fear of being a victim of crime

Option D: It refers to the group of people who are least bothered by the risk of being “victimized

Correct Answer: B. There is little, or no relationship between and individual’s risk of victimization and their level of fear of crime ✔

Option A: personal experience

Option B: crime news

Option C: aspects of our personality which make us more, or less, afraid of crime

Option D: all of the options above

Correct Answer: all of the options above ✔

Option A: don’t know; don’t know; childhood

Option B: know; don’t know; young adulthood

Option C: don’t know; don’t know; adulthood

Option D: know; know; young adulthood

Correct Answer: B. know; don’t know; young adulthood ✔

Option A: The media

Option B: Personal experience

Option C: Crime statistics, research data such as that found on the internet

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: prevalence; prevalence

Option B: victim; criminal

Option C: incidence; prevalence

Option D: prevalence; incidence

Correct Answer: prevalence; incidence ✔

Option A: It may indicate higher level of sexual abuse

Option B: It may indicate an increased awareness of the dangerous abuse

Option C: It may reflect changes in the definition of some abuse (e.g to include more acts) producing an increase in the numbers

Option D: It may indicate all of the above

Correct Answer: It may indicate all of the above ✔

Option A: lower

Option B: higher

Option C: inferior

Option D: similar

Correct Answer: higher ✔

Option A: Children rated most trouble some at an early age tend become the more persistent offenders

Option B: Some research suggests that for 8- 25 years old most offending occurs at about 16- 17 years and tail of to a plateau

Option C: Young offenders are rarely imprisoned for a single offence, rather for a number of offences

Option D: All of the above we can correctly state about young offenders

Correct Answer: All of the above we can correctly state about young offenders ✔

Option A: Direct support for parents and early childhood education

Option B: Interventions which take place between prenatal and primary school entry

Option C: Direct support for parents

Option D: Early education

Correct Answer: Early education ✔

Option A: Early childhood conduct disorder

Option B: Those factors which predict non- sexual delinquency such as low family income, poor accommodation, poor parenting

Option C: Early onset of sexually abusive behavior, male victims, multiple victims and poor social skills

Option D: Previous criminality, psychopathy and use of death/ threats at time of index offence

Correct Answer: Early onset of sexually abusive behavior, male victims, multiple victims and poor social skills ✔

Option A: When moral issues are related to crime the differences between male delinquents and male non- delinquents are their greatest

Option B: Male delinquents are typically at Kohlberg’s pre- conventional level compare to male non- delinquents

Option C: Offenders were typically at Kohlberg’s conventional level of moral reasoning, i.e. obtaining social approval compared non- offenders

Option D: Non-offenders males tend to be at a lower level of moral reasoning than non- offendring females

Correct Answer: C. Offenders were typically at Kohlberg’s conventional level of moral reasoning, i.e. obtaining social approval compared non- offenders ✔

Option A: abuse causes post-traumatic stress and thus a need to re- enact the experience

Option B: if a mother has been abused this increases the risk of a child’s potential for being an abuser in the future

Option C: physically abused children tend to commit physically violent offences whereas sexually abused children tend to commit sexually violent crimes in adulthood

Option D: the effect of violence are more generally pathogenic than simply ‘violence leads to violence

Correct Answer: physically abused children tend to commit physically violent offences whereas sexually abused children tend to commit sexually violent crimes in adulthood ✔

Option A: Early interventions may be costly, but they are more cost effective than ignoring the problem- this would result in higher costs of society for dealing with delinquent children later in life

Option B: If acted on interventions can be effective at reducing future delinquency

Option C: It is predictive of later more serious behavior

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: penile penetration of any child below the age of consent to sexual intercourse

Option B: rape of a female adult

Option C: any form of sexual act that a woman may not wish

Option D: rape of someone under mitigating circumstances

Correct Answer: penile penetration of any child below the age of consent to sexual intercourse ✔

Option A: Rape is frequently viewed as a crime of power, control and violence rather than sexual gratification

Option B: There is a general trend that sexual offending begins in the early life of an offender

Option C: Rapists have claimed to have experienced more psychological abuse than nonsexual violent offenders

Option D: Rape of older women by strangers tends to feature more strongly in rape statistics

Correct Answer: Rape of older women by strangers tends to feature more strongly in rape statistics ✔

Option A: Knowledge

Option B: Comprehension

Option C: Understanding

Option D: Practice

Correct Answer: Practice ✔

Option A: Sexual offences are often non- consummatory

Option B: When treatment is mainly directed at reducing fantastic recidivism actually increases

Option C: Unacceptable themes are found in the fantasy of ‘normal’ individuals but they don’t have to be acted upon in order to have erotic effects

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Paranoid- aggressive, depressive, psychopathic, over controlled repressors

Option B: Power- assurance, power- assertive, anger retaliatory and anger excitement

Option C: Feminist, social learning and evolutionary

Option D: Fixated and regressed sexual offender

Correct Answer: Power- assurance, power- assertive, anger retaliatory and anger excitement ✔

Option A: Using phallometry to elicit confessions can increase the risk of false confessions

Option B: It is not effective at deciding who is a pedophile and who is not from any group of men

Option C: Normal men show erections to pubescent children and rape scents

Option D: It does not assume sexual motives underlie rape

Correct Answer: It does not assume sexual motives underlie rape ✔

Option A: a relatively under reported crime

Option B: tend to be carried out by men know to women rather than by strangers

Option C: more commonly carried out by younger offenders

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: all of the above ✔

Option A: a technique for assessing a man’s sexual responsiveness to different types of sexual imagery

Option B: a measure of effect size

Option C: a type of lie detector test

Option D: a technique for assessing the acceptance of rape myths in rapists

Correct Answer: A. a technique for assessing a man’s sexual responsiveness to different types of sexual imagery ✔

Option A: only vaginal penetration

Option B: oral and vaginal penetration

Option C: vaginal penetration of an adult

Option D: vaginal, oral and anal penetration

Correct Answer: vaginal, oral and anal penetration ✔