Learning MCQs

Option A: the number of trials in which the CS and UCS are paired

Option B: the number of trials in which the CS is presented alone

Option C: the percentage of trials in which the CS and UCS are paired

Option D: resistance of extinction

Correct Answer: the percentage of trials in which the CS and UCS are paired ✔

Option A: negative reinforcement

Option B: punishment

Option C: positive reinforcement

Option D: secondary reinforcement

Correct Answer: punishment ✔

Option A: US

Option B: CS

Option C: UR

Option D: CR

Correct Answer: CS ✔

Option A: occur after the response

Option B: occur before the response

Option C: occur simultaneously with the response

Option D: are unrelated to the response except during extinction

Correct Answer: occur after the response ✔

Option A: the law effect

Option B: stimulus generalization

Option C: stimulus discrimination

Option D: an overactive imagination

Correct Answer: stimulus generalization ✔

Option A: unconditioned stimulus

Option B: unconditioned response

Option C: conditioned stimulus

Option D: conditioned response

Correct Answer: conditioned stimulus ✔

Option A: a steep, unchanging slope

Option B: a shallow, unchanging slope

Option C: a progressively steeper slope

Option D: a progressively shallower slope

Correct Answer: a steep, unchanging slope ✔

Option A: Classical conditioning regulates reflexive, involuntary responses exclusively

Option B: Operant conditioning regulates voluntary responses exclusively

Option C: The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior

Option D: Both a and b

Correct Answer: The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior ✔

Option A: Fixed-ratio

Option B: variable-ratio

Option C: Fixed-interval

Option D: variable-interval

Correct Answer: variable-ratio ✔

Option A: classical; operant

Option B: operant; classical

Option C: classical; classical

Option D: operant; operant

Correct Answer: classical; operant ✔

Option A: specify the target behavior

Option B: design your program

Option C: gather baseline data

Option D: set up a behavioral contact

Correct Answer: gather baseline data ✔

Option A: acquisition

Option B: development

Option C: performance

Option D: generalization

Correct Answer: performance ✔

Option A: animals learn only by operant conditioning

Option B: operant conditioning involves learning in which antecedent events are associated with one another

Option C: classical conditioning involves learning in which antecedent events are associated with one another

Option D: operant conditioning occurs when a response is not affected by consequences

Correct Answer: classical conditioning involves learning in which antecedent events are associated with one another ✔

Option A: Vicarious Learning

Option B: Observational Learning

Option C: Classical Conditioning

Option D: Operant Conditioning

Correct Answer: Classical Conditioning ✔

Option A: the onset of an unpleasant event

Option B: the removal of a positive state of affairs

Option C: any consequence that reduces the occurrence of behavior

Option D: a positive reinforcer

Correct Answer: any consequence that reduces the occurrence of behavior ✔

Option A: They occur before the response

Option B: They occur after the response

Option C: They occur simultaneously with the response

Option D: they are unrelated to the response

Correct Answer: They occur after the response ✔

Option A: Increases his capacities

Option B: Increases his learning

Option C: Determines his future line of action

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Solution of a problem through repeated errors

Option B: Observation of the behavior of others

Option C: Instantly solve a problem

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: Instantly solve a problem ✔

Option A: Their theories are studied

Option B: An individual practice them by himself

Option C: the other individuals are observed

Option D: One has the firm intention to do them

Correct Answer: One has the firm intention to do them ✔

Option A: Skills

Option B: Observation

Option C: Limitation

Option D: Theories

Correct Answer: Skills ✔

Option A: Law of readiness

Option B: Law of modification

Option C: law of exercise

Option D: Law of effect

Correct Answer: Law of modification ✔

Option A: To remove the present errors

Option B: To know new things

Option C: To adopt new attitude

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Mentally preparation for learning

Option B: Increase in the pace of learning process

Option C: Removal of hindrances in the learning process

Option D: Both a & b

Correct Answer: Mentally preparation for learning ✔

Option A: That is not backed up by enough practice

Option B: That is backed up by a motive

Option C: That is not followed by pleasant

Option D: Both (a) and (b)

Correct Answer: That is not backed up by enough practice ✔

Option A: Desire

Option B: previous knowledge

Option C: mental level

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The pleasure or discomfort an individual experiences

Option B: The discomfort an individual faces

Option C: The pleasure or discomfort an individual experiences

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: The pleasure or discomfort an individual experiences ✔

Option A: Learning

Option B: Stimulus

Option C: Responses

Option D: Sensation

Correct Answer: Learning ✔

Option A: Law of exercise becomes ineffective

Option B: Learning becomes durable

Option C: Readiness decreases

Option D: Response frequency decreases

Correct Answer: Learning becomes durable ✔

Option A: Law of learning

Option B: Condition of learning

Option C: Transfer of learning

Option D: none of the above

Correct Answer: Condition of learning ✔

Option A: Learning will not be effective

Option B: Learning will not take place

Option C: Learning will be effective

Option D: Learning will take place with a stimulus

Correct Answer: Learning will not be effective ✔

Option A: Desire

Option B: Courage

Option C: Tendency

Option D: All of these

Correct Answer: All of these ✔

Option A: An inner state of an individual

Option B: An external state of an individual

Option C: A learning state of an individual

Option D: A creative state of an individual

Correct Answer: An inner state of an individual ✔

Option A: An immediate objective

Option B: A remote objective

Option C: A natural objective

Option D: An academic objective

Correct Answer: An immediate objective ✔

Option A: Pleasure

Option B: Material gain

Option C: Information

Option D: Skills

Correct Answer: Pleasure ✔

Option A: A learned role

Option B: An unlearned role

Option C: A natural role

Option D: A social role

Correct Answer: A learned role ✔

Option A: Conditions

Option B: Time

Option C: Experiences

Option D: All of these

Correct Answer: All of these ✔

Option A: He will do it repeatedly

Option B: He will make it a part of his behavior

Option C: He will opt it from other options

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: He is ready to learn

Option B: He has the desire to learn

Option C: He makes efforts to learn consciously

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Increase the peace of development

Option B: Minimize the individual differences

Option C: Reduce the responsibility of teacher

Option D: Both (b) & (c)

Correct Answer: Increase the peace of development ✔

Option A: Attend to an activity

Option B: Respond to the signs coming from the outside

Option C: Produce harmony between stimulus and response

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Learns positive attitudes from his family

Option B: Learns both positive and negative attitudes from his family

Option C: Learns negative attitudes from his family

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: Learns both positive and negative attitudes from his family ✔

Option A: Attitudes

Option B: Individual differences

Option C: learning

Option D: motives

Correct Answer: Attitudes ✔

Option A: A social state

Option B: A Mental state

Option C: An organic state

Option D: An aptitudinal state

Correct Answer: An aptitudinal state ✔

Option A: Which factors influence the learning process

Option B: How the field of educational psychology can be widen

Option C: How individual differences can be reduced

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: Which factors influence the learning process ✔

Option A: inner states

Option B: Observable behavior

Option C: Individual differences

Option D: Measurement of personality

Correct Answer: Observable behavior ✔

Option A: inner condition

Option B: Observable

Option C: Social condition

Option D: Emotional condition

Correct Answer: inner condition ✔

Option A: Cognition

Option B: Personality

Option C: Measurement

Option D: Aptitude

Correct Answer: Cognition ✔

Option A: Intelligence quotient

Option B: Standardize test

Option C: Conditioning

Option D: Curricular content

Correct Answer: Conditioning ✔

Option A: inner condition

Option B: Observable

Option C: Social condition

Option D: Emotional condition

Correct Answer: inner condition ✔

Option A: Intelligence quotient

Option B: standardize text

Option C: Conditioning

Option D: Curricular content

Correct Answer: Conditioning ✔

Option A: Temporary

Option B: Permanent

Option C: Physical

Option D: psycho-dynamic

Correct Answer: Permanent ✔

Option A: Behaviorism

Option B: Cognitive school of thought

Option C: Progressivism

Option D: Existaetialism

Correct Answer: Cognitive school of thought ✔

Option A: Is not possible without aptitudinal change

Option B: Is not possible without environmental change

Option C: Not both (a) and (b)

Option D: None

Correct Answer: Is not possible without environmental change ✔

Option A: negative transfer

Option B: extinction

Option C: discrimination

Option D: successive approximation

Correct Answer: discrimination ✔

Option A: immediate, consistent and intense

Option B: delayed, consistent, and mild

Option C: immediate, consistent, and mild

Option D: delayed, inconsistent, and intense

Correct Answer: immediate, consistent and intense ✔

Option A: an increase in stimulus generalization

Option B: the strength of the UR to increase

Option C: an increase in response generalization

Option D: extinction to occur

Correct Answer: extinction to occur ✔

Option A: operant conditioning

Option B: reinforcement

Option C: classical conditioning

Option D: vicarious conditioning

Correct Answer: classical conditioning ✔

Option A: neutral stimulus

Option B: unconditioned stimulus

Option C: conditioned stimulus

Option D: unconditioned response

Correct Answer: neutral stimulus ✔

Option A: variable interval

Option B: variable ratio

Option C: fixed interval

Option D: fixed ratio

Correct Answer: variable interval ✔

Option A: What is taught to him

Option B: What does he learn at home

Option C: For what he wishes to learn

Option D: What he find in his environment

Correct Answer: What he find in his environment ✔

Option A: Give rise to many habits

Option B: Give rise to many emotional states

Option C: Gibes rise to many economic abilities

Option D: Give rise to many permanent behavioural changes

Correct Answer: Give rise to many permanent behavioural changes ✔

Option A: Pavlov

Option B: Skinner

Option C: Thorndike

Option D: Watson

Correct Answer: Thorndike ✔

Option A: To know the problem

Option B: To comprehend and sole the problems

Option C: To comprehend the problem by experience

Option D: To remove the problem

Correct Answer: To comprehend and sole the problems ✔

Option A: The particular learning can be beneficial for him

Option B: The particular learning can be beneficial for him in future

Option C: The particular learning can be socially beneficial for him

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Meaningless content

Option B: Meaningful content

Option C: Punishment

Option D: Ignorance of individual differences

Correct Answer: Meaningful content ✔

Option A: Cannot be memorized

Option B: Can be remembered till long

Option C: Can easily be forgotten

Option D: Are a source of fun for children

Correct Answer: Can easily be forgotten ✔

Option A: The selection of an activity

Option B: The adoption of an activity

Option C: The understanding of an activity

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Two stimuli being paired that produce a conditioned response over time

Option B: An organism interacting with its environment, becoming changed by experience, and thereby modifying subsequent behaviours

Option C: An organism interacting with its environment through autoshaping and conditioning

Option D: An organism responding to its environment based on reinforcement or punishment for behaviours

Correct Answer: An organism interacting with its environment, becoming changed by experience, and thereby modifying subsequent behaviours ✔

Option A: A snail experiences a brief jolt of the surface on which it is crawling and reacts by reacting into its shell. Subsequent jolts however, are found to be less effective in inducing withdrawal, until the reaction finally disappears

Option B: The first conspicuous moving object seen by a newly hatched chick is a laboratory attendant. As a consequence, the chick develops an attachment to that person, approaching and following him or her, and tending to avoid other things

Option C: A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour

Option D: A hungry pigeon is given a small amount of food each time it happens to make a turn in a particular direction. After experiencing a few rewards, the bird develops an increasing tendency to circle on the spot in the ‘correct’ direction

Correct Answer: A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour ✔

Option A: Conditioned stimuli

Option B: Unconditioned stimuli

Option C: Change

Option D: Association

Correct Answer: Association ✔

Option A: Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response

Option B: Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response

Option C: Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response

Option D: Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response

Correct Answer: Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response ✔

Option A: The UR and CR are not always the same response

Option B: Organisms come to generally behave toward conditioned stimulus as they do unconditioned stimulus

Option C: Stimulus situation

Option D: The UR and CR are always the same response

Correct Answer: (a), (b) and (c) ✔

Option A: The law of effect relates to Pavlov’s proposal that reward will strengthen the connection between the response that preceded it and any stimuli present when it is delivered

Option B: In modern terminology, Thorndike’s ‘satisfiers’ and ‘annoyers’ are called enforces and punishers

Option C: In the law of effect, a stimulus-response (S-R) association is learned

Option D: It is generally thought that the likelihood of an animal responding in a particular way cannot be controlled by the consequence of the response

Correct Answer: In the law of effect, a stimulus-response (S-R) association is learned ✔

Option A: Salivation and responses to light

Option B: Illness-induced aversions and phobias

Option C: Nausea and headaches

Option D: (a),(b) and (c)

Correct Answer: None the above ✔

Option A: Contiguity and conditioning

Option B: Habituation and contiguity

Option C: Blocking and preparedness

Option D: Blocking and autoshaping

Correct Answer: Blocking and preparedness ✔

Option A: 1,2 & 3

Option B: 2,3 & 4

Option C: 1,2 & 4

Option D: 4

Correct Answer: 1,2 & 4 ✔

Option A: Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning

Option B: Imprinting, aversive conditioning and instrumental learning

Option C: Classroom learning, street wise learning and common sense

Option D: Reinforcement, punishment and habituation

Correct Answer: Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning ✔

Option A: OCD behaviours are naturally learned from biological relatives

Option B: OCD behaviours are learned from pairing anxiety-provoking stimuli with common behaviours

Option C: OCD behaviours are learned by perceptual processing of anxiety-provoking stimuli

Option D: OCD behaviours are contingent upon schedule of reinforcement

Correct Answer: OCD behaviours are reinforced and maintained because they reduce anxiety ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 1 & 3

Option C: 2 & 3

Option D: 4

Correct Answer: 1 & 3 ✔

Option A: In the experiment by Gracia and Koelling (1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and click

Option B: Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli

Option C: The experiment of Gracia and Koelling (1966) opposed the nation of preparedness

Option D: The result of Gracia and Koelling’s (1966) experiment supported researchers’ attempts to establish general laws of learning

Correct Answer: Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 2 & 3

Option C: 1 & 3

Option D: 2 & 4

Correct Answer: 2 & 4 ✔

Option A: Response-outcome association

Option B: Stimulus-response association

Option C: Selective response learning

Option D: Instrumental learning

Correct Answer: Stimulus-response association ✔

Option A: Rates master spatial tasks much more easily than typical configural learning tasks

Option B: Spatial learning operates according to principles identical to those that underlie classical and instrumental conditioning procedures

Option C: Exposure top an environment can allow the animal to forma a cognitive map of the environment

Option D: The animal is then able to negative because it knows its own position with respect to its internal representation environment

Correct Answer: Spatial learning operates according to principles identical to those that underlie classical and instrumental conditioning procedures ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 2 & 3

Option C: 3 & 4

Option D: 1 & 3

Correct Answer: 1 & 2 ✔

Option A: Instrumental learning is the process by which an animal learns about the relationship between the behaviour and the consequences of that behaviour

Option B: Instrumentally trained responses are not entirely elicited by identifiable stimuli

Option C: Instrumental learning allows the animal to control the occurrence of environmental events

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Pavlov’s standard procedure, involved the following: a dog was given access to food, and each presentation was accompanied (usually slightly preceded by the occurrence of a neutral event, such as a flashing light

Option B: After several training trials (pairings of light and food), the dog would salivate at the flash of light, before any food had appeared

Option C: Salivation at the presentation of food is called a conditioned response

Option D: The event that evokes the conditioned response is referred to as a conditioned stimulus

Correct Answer: After several training trials (pairings of light and food), the dog would salivate at the flash of light, before any food had appeared ✔

Option A: Physically prepared

Option B: Mentally prepared

Option C: Emotionally prepared

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Behavior

Option B: Attitudes

Option C: Skills and increase in skills

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Goals to achieve

Option B: Difficulties confronted

Option C: skills necessary for solution of difficulty

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Learning thought trial & error

Option B: Learning thought imitation

Option C: Learning thought insight

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Has an understanding of the environment

Option B: Knows the benefits of the solution of problem

Option C: Consciously makes efforts to solve a problem

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Trial & error

Option B: Imitation

Option C: Insight

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Uses his previous knowledge

Option B: Deliberately attempts to solve the problems

Option C: Identifies the irrelevant aspects of a problems

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: before

Option B: after

Option C: simultaneously with

Option D: in a manner unrelated to

Correct Answer: before ✔

Option A: adaptations

Option B: gradients

Option C: successive approximations

Option D: conditioning trials

Correct Answer: successive approximations ✔

Option A: observational learning

Option B: non-contingent reinforcement

Option C: resistance to extinction

Option D: classical conditioning

Correct Answer: observational learning ✔

Option A: generalization

Option B: negative reinforcement

Option C: higher-order conditioning

Option D: punishment

Correct Answer: punishment ✔

Option A: increases; decreases

Option B: decreases; increases

Option C: increases; increases

Option D: decreases; decreases

Correct Answer: increases; increases ✔

Option A: biological; acquired

Option B: conditioned; unconditioned

Option C: weak; potent

Option D: immediate; delayed

Correct Answer: biological; acquired ✔

Option A: only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR

Option B: auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli

Option C: visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli

Option D: an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS

Correct Answer: an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS ✔