Psychology MCQs

Option A: regression

Option B: identification

Option C: projection

Option D: reaction formation

Correct Answer: reaction formation ✔

Option A: self-serving bias

Option B: reaction formation

Option C: an external locus of control

Option D: fixation

Correct Answer: reaction formation ✔

Option A: Carl Rogers

Option B: Albert Bandura

Option C: Carl Jung

Option D: Abraham Maslow

Correct Answer: Carl Jung ✔

Option A: passive-aggressive

Option B: manic-depressive

Option C: unstable-introverted

Option D: external-dependent

Correct Answer: unstable-introverted ✔

Option A: superego is to repetition principle

Option B: ego is to reality principle

Option C: ego is repetition principle

Option D: ego is executive principle

Correct Answer: ego is to reality principle ✔

Option A: inability to test or verify concepts

Option B: limited recognition of temperament, emotion and subjective factors

Option C: ability to explain behavior after the fact only

Option D: emphasis on the conditions under which behaviors occur

Correct Answer: limited recognition of temperament, emotion and subjective factors ✔

Option A: biologically determined

Option B: relatively permanent and enduring

Option C: situation specific

Option D: shared by a group

Correct Answer: relatively permanent and enduring ✔

Option A: using projective tests to assess their motives

Option B: using free association and dream analysis

Option C: interpreting their flattering self-description as a self-serving bias

Option D: selectively studying people with qualities he admired

Correct Answer: selectively studying people with qualities he admired ✔

Option A: have removed the “person” from personality

Option B: emphasize situational determinants of behavior

Option C: stress the role of the unconscious

Option D: would view a trait as stable in all situations

Correct Answer: emphasize situational determinants of behavior ✔

Option A: create traits that fit people

Option B: increase the number of basic traits that have been identified

Option C: classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior

Option D: reduce the common traits to measures of temperament

Correct Answer: classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior ✔

Option A: fixation

Option B: free association

Option C: factor analysis

Option D: projection

Correct Answer: free association ✔

Option A: the Barnum effect

Option B: the spotlight effect

Option C: the self-reference phenomenon

Option D: unconditional positive regard

Correct Answer: the Barnum effect ✔

Option A: reciprocal determinism

Option B: an internal locus of control

Option C: reaction formation

Option D: the self-reference phenomenon

Correct Answer: an internal locus of control ✔

Option A: unconditional positive regard

Option B: attributional style

Option C: the spotlight effect

Option D: self-serving bias

Correct Answer: self-serving bias ✔

Option A: collective psychology

Option B: existential psychology

Option C: depth psychology

Option D: analytical psychology

Correct Answer: analytical psychology ✔

Option A: ideal self

Option B: gender identity

Option C: unconditional positive regard

Option D: attributional style

Correct Answer: attributional style ✔

Option A: latency

Option B: genital

Option C: anal

Option D: phallic

Correct Answer: anal ✔

Option A: projection

Option B: fixation

Option C: rationalization

Option D: repression

Correct Answer: repression ✔

Option A: reciprocal determinism

Option B: self-serving bias

Option C: the spotlight effect

Option D: an Electra complex

Correct Answer: the spotlight effect ✔

Option A: Situations change traits

Option B: Situations create new traits

Option C: Traits determine situations

Option D: Situations affect how traits are exhibited

Correct Answer: Situations affect how traits are exhibited ✔

Option A: belief that the first years of life help to shape personality

Option B: belief in the concept of libido, sexual desires, and biological instincts

Option C: discovery of complexes during the genital stage

Option D: elaboration of the humanistic approach to personality development

Correct Answer: belief that the first years of life help to shape personality ✔

Option A: pleasure principle

Option B: reality principle

Option C: ego ideal

Option D: partial ego principle

Correct Answer: reality principle ✔

Option A: Trait; humanistic

Option B: Psychoanalytic; behaviorist

Option C: Psychoanalytic; humanistic

Option D: Trait; behaviorist

Correct Answer: Psychoanalytic; behaviorist ✔

Option A: as reliable but no necessary valid estimates

Option B: as ballpark estimates of the influence of genetics

Option C: as accurate estimates of the influence of genetics

Option D: as relatively useless estimates of the influence of genetics

Correct Answer: as ballpark estimates of the influence of genetics ✔

Option A: increased striving for self-esteem

Option B: more stereotypic thinking about minorities

Option C: more aggressive behavior toward people with opposing views

Option D: reduced respect for cultural icons

Correct Answer: reduced respect for cultural icons ✔

Option A: Self-regard

Option B: Self-efficacy

Option C: Self-actualization

Option D: Self-esteem

Correct Answer: Self-efficacy ✔

Option A: Biological

Option B: Cognitive

Option C: Psychological

Option D: Behavioral

Correct Answer: Biological ✔

Option A: Oral

Option B: Anal

Option C: Phallic

Option D: Latency

Correct Answer: Latency ✔

Option A: identical twins reared together

Option B: identical twins reared apart

Option C: fraternal twins reared together

Option D: non-twins reared together

Correct Answer: identical twins reared apart ✔

Option A: Cardinal

Option B: Secondary

Option C: Central

Option D: Source

Correct Answer: Cardinal ✔

Option A: Introversion

Option B: Melancholy

Option C: Extroversion

Option D: Neuroticism

Correct Answer: Melancholy ✔

Option A: 3

Option B: 10

Option C: 7

Option D: 5

Correct Answer: 5 ✔

Option A: The accuracy of the results is a function of the honesty of the respondent

Option B: Respondents may attempt to answer in a way that makes them look good

Option C: There is sometimes a problem with “yea-sayers” or “nay-sayers.”

Option D: They are objective measures that are easy to administer and score

Correct Answer: They are objective measures that are easy to administer and score ✔

Option A: largely positive effects

Option B: largely negative effects

Option C: surprisingly little effect

Option D: a powerful effect

Correct Answer: surprisingly little effect ✔

Option A: Maslow

Option B: Galen

Option C: Hippocrates

Option D: Eysenck

Correct Answer: Maslow ✔

Option A: compensation

Option B: projection

Option C: identification

Option D: repression

Correct Answer: projection ✔

Option A: social influence

Option B: an internal locus of control

Option C: self-serving bias

Option D: individualism

Correct Answer: social influence ✔

Option A: Locus of control

Option B: Reciprocal determinism

Option C: Self-actualization

Option D: Unconditional positive regard

Correct Answer: Reciprocal determinism ✔

Option A: the environment

Option B: collective unconscious

Option C: conflict

Option D: striving for superiority

Correct Answer: striving for superiority ✔

Option A: Adler

Option B: Allport

Option C: Rogers

Option D: Bandura

Correct Answer: Bandura ✔

Option A: unstable-extraverted

Option B: manic-dependent

Option C: external-dependent

Option D: passive-aggressive

Correct Answer: unstable-extraverted ✔

Option A: Freud

Option B: Allport

Option C: Fromm

Option D: Jung

Correct Answer: Fromm ✔

Option A: the self-reference phenomenon

Option B: self-determination

Option C: free association

Option D: factor analysis

Correct Answer: self-determination ✔

Option A: Conditional positive regard

Option B: personal control

Option C: gender identity

Option D: reciprocal determinism

Correct Answer: personal control ✔

Option A: belongingness and love needs

Option B: aesthetic needs

Option C: the need for self-actualization

Option D: esteem needs

Correct Answer: belongingness and love needs ✔

Option A: the spotlight effect

Option B: an Electra complex

Option C: an internal locus of control

Option D: unconditional positive regard

Correct Answer: an internal locus of control ✔

Option A: her id

Option B: her alter ego

Option C: her ego

Option D: reaction formation

Correct Answer: her id ✔

Option A: his id

Option B: penis envy

Option C: his neuroticism

Option D: his superego

Correct Answer: his superego ✔

Option A: Displacement

Option B: Projection

Option C: Reaction Formation

Option D: Rationalization

Correct Answer: Displacement ✔

Option A: Conditions of worth

Option B: Empathic understanding

Option C: Unconditional positive regard

Option D: Self-actualization

Correct Answer: Self-actualization ✔

Option A: self-actualization

Option B: self-efficacy

Option C: collectivism

Option D: individualism

Correct Answer: collectivism ✔

Option A: China

Option B: Japan

Option C: Africa

Option D: United States

Correct Answer: United States ✔

Option A: Id

Option B: Self

Option C: Superego

Option D: Ego

Correct Answer: Self ✔

Option A: Narcissus

Option B: Ulysses

Option C: Electra

Option D: Oedipus

Correct Answer: Oedipus ✔

Option A: Intergroup contact

Option B: Decategorization

Option C: Recategorization

Option D: a and b

Correct Answer: b and c ✔

Option A: Where we were born

Option B: The amount of prejudice experienced

Option C: The groups we belong to

Option D: Competition between groups

Correct Answer: The groups we belong to ✔

Option A: To obtain information

Option B: To reduce anxiety

Option C: To compare ourselves with similar others

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Performing

Option B: Storming

Option C: Forming

Option D: Adjourning

Correct Answer: Storming ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 2 & 3

Option C: 2 & 4

Option D: 1 & 3

Correct Answer: 2 & 4 ✔

Option A: Brainstorming

Option B: Group polarization

Option C: Deindividuation

Option D: groupthink

Correct Answer: groupthink ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 2 & 3

Option C: 1 & 3

Option D: 2 & 4

Correct Answer: 2 & 4 ✔

Option A: Conformity

Option B: Minority influence

Option C: Normative influence

Option D: Informational influence

Correct Answer: Minority influence ✔

Option A: The participants were not conforming to their roles

Option B: The guards were not prepared to harass, humiliate and intimidate the prisoners

Option C: The prisoners increasingly showed signs of individual and group disintegration

Option D: The experiment was set in a real prison with real prisoners, which raised a fierce human rights debate

Correct Answer: The prisoners increasingly showed signs of individual and group disintegration ✔

Option A: Complex tasks are dealt with reliably

Option B: Peripheral members can feel a loss of autonomy on simple tasks

Option C: Delays and miscommunications can occur on complex tasks

Option D: free communication is allowed among the roles

Correct Answer: Delays and miscommunications can occur on complex tasks ✔

Option A: Group identity

Option B: individual norms

Option C: Individual identity

Option D: Group norms

Correct Answer: Group norms ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 3 & 4

Option C: 1 & 3

Option D: 2 & 4

Correct Answer: 1 & 3 ✔

Option A: People will engage in high levels of destructive obedience when faced with strong situational pressures

Option B: People will engage in low levels of destructive obedience when faced with strong situational pressures

Option C: People’s personality is the strongest determinant of obedient behaviour

Option D: People will challenge authority figures when they become distressed by their commands

Correct Answer: People will engage in high levels of destructive obedience when faced with strong situational pressures ✔

Option A: Social support in a broad social network impacts positively on health and stress

Option B: Social support in small groups helps one resist pressures to comply with an outside majority or to be obey an immoral authority

Option C: Both a & b

Option D: Neither a nor b

Correct Answer: Both a & b ✔

Option A: Mutual support

Option B: Commitment to relationship

Option C: Being in love

Option D: Mutual understanding

Correct Answer: Commitment to relationship ✔

Option A: Quite ordinary people taking part in a laboratory experiment were not prepared to administer electric shocks just because an experimenter told them to do so

Option B: Participants believed that the shocks they administered would not harm anyone

Option C: Apparently pathological behaviour may not be due to individual pathology but to particular social circumstances

Option D: None of the above

Correct Answer: Apparently pathological behaviour may not be due to individual pathology but to particular social circumstances ✔

Option A: The task performed

Option B: Prior experience

Option C: Presence of others

Option D: Group identity

Correct Answer: Presence of others ✔

Option A: Bystander intervention

Option B: Social facilitation

Option C: Bystander apathy

Option D: Equity theory

Correct Answer: Bystander apathy ✔

Option A: Ignorance about how others interpreted the situation

Option B: Diffusion of responsibility made individuals feel less responsible

Option C: There were no authority figures present

Option D: Fear of feeling embarrassed by acting inappropriately in front of others

Correct Answer: a, b and d ✔

Option A: Improved performance on both well-learned/easy tasks and poorly learned/difficult tasks

Option B: Improved performance on well-learned/easy tasks and deterioration in performance on poorly learned/difficult tasks

Option C: Deterioration in performance on well-learned/easy tasks and improved performance on poorly learned/difficult tasks

Option D: Deterioration in performance on both well-learned/easy tasks and poorly learned/difficult tasks

Correct Answer: Improved performance on well-learned/easy tasks and deterioration in performance on poorly learned/difficult tasks ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 2 & 3

Option C: 1 & 4

Option D: 3 & 4

Correct Answer: 3 & 4 ✔

Option A: 1, 3 & 4

Option B: 1, 2 & 3

Option C: 2, 3 & 4

Option D: 1, 2 & 4

Correct Answer: 1, 3 & 4 ✔

Option A: Valid, scientific, ethical, experimental, correlational

Option B: Scientific, experimental, public, parsimonious, cumulative

Option C: valid, reliable, Public, parsimonious, cumulative

Option D: Experimental, quasi-experimental survey, correlational, meta-analytic

Correct Answer: valid, reliable, Public, parsimonious, cumulative ✔

Option A: Psychology is bound by research ethics

Option B: Psychology relies on the scientific method

Option C: Psychology relies on the statistical tests

Option D: Psychology is bound by human populations

Correct Answer: Psychology relies on the scientific method ✔

Option A: Theories, hypotheses, tests

Option B: Self-report, experiments correlations

Option C: Behavioural, self-report, experimental

Option D: Behavioural, self-report, physiological

Correct Answer: Behavioural, self-report, physiological ✔

Option A: The true experimental method

Option B: The quasi-experimental method

Option C: The introspective method

Option D: The case study method

Correct Answer: The introspective method ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 1 & 3

Option C: 2 & 3

Option D: 4

Correct Answer: 2 & 3 ✔

Option A: Experimentation

Option B: Revision

Option C: Manipulation Check

Option D: Triangulation

Correct Answer: Triangulation ✔

Option A: Manipulate

Option B: Correlate

Option C: Attract

Option D: Validate

Correct Answer: Manipulate ✔

Option A: The dependent variable is manipulated by the experimenter

Option B: Experimental control involves making every condition different in every respect except the treatment (I.e., the independent variable

Option C: In a between-subjects experiment control is typically achieved by a process of carefully assigning participants to the right conditions

Option D: In a properly designed experiment, we can infer that an observed difference must be due to our manipulation of the independent variable

Correct Answer: In a properly designed experiment, we can infer that an observed difference must be due to our manipulation of the independent variable ✔

Option A: Practical issues are irrelevant when deciding which research method use

Option B: No one method is universally superior to any other.

Option C: Both a and b

Option D: Neither a nor b

Correct Answer: No one method is universally superior to any other. ✔

Option A: Telling experimental participants about the hypotheses that they are not being tested as such

Option B: Informing participants that they are not being ‘tested’ as such

Option C: Telling them that the data they produce is confidential and will not be discussed with any third party

Option D: Telling participants that they can withdraw from the experiment at any time and that they can ask that the data they generate be deleted

Correct Answer: Telling experimental participants about the hypotheses that they are not being tested as such ✔

Option A: When researchers report and comment on behaviour, without attempting to quantify it, they are using a qualitative research method

Option B: Qualitative methods can include coding, grouping and collecting observations

Option C: The way people evaluate the friendliness of the people they meet, illustrates some features of a qualitative approach to psychological research

Option D: All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: Nominal, ordinal, internal, external

Option B: internal, external, quasi, survey

Option C: Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Option D: Interval, ratio, quasi, survey

Correct Answer: Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio ✔

Option A: When we use inferential statistics usually, we have to use a test statistics

Option B: Two things influence our judgment about whether a given observation is any sense remarkable (1) the information that something is going on; and (2) the amount of random error in our observations

Option C: The statistics we normally psychology contain both an information term and a term, and express one as a ratio of the other

Option D: The test statistic will yield a high value (suggesting that something remarkable is going on) when there is relatively less information than error and a low value (suggesting that nothing remarkable is going on) when there is more information than error

Correct Answer: The test statistic will yield a high value (suggesting that something remarkable is going on) when there is relatively less information than error and a low value (suggesting that nothing remarkable is going on) when there is more information than error ✔

Option A: Motivation, cognition, behavior

Option B: Descriptive, inferential, evaluation

Option C: Mean, average, sum

Option D: Mean, median, mode

Correct Answer: Mean, median, mode ✔

Option A: The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum data values

Option B: The most commonly used measure of dispersion is standard deviation (SD)

Option C: The standard deviation is equal to the square of the sum of the squares of all the differences (deviations) between each score and the mean, divided by the number of scores

Option D: The square root of the standard deviation is called the variance

Correct Answer: The standard deviation is equal to the square of the sum of the squares of all the differences (deviations) between each score and the mean, divided by the number of scores ✔

Option A: No, because correlated variables do not indicated causal relationships

Option B: No, because correlated variables are not based on inferential statistics

Option C: Yes, because correlated variables indicated causal relationships

Option D: Yes, because correlated variables are based on inferential statistics

Correct Answer: No, because correlated variables do not indicated causal relationships ✔

Option A: Use a different method to replicated use results

Option B: Obtain a larger sample to replicate results

Option C: Perform manipulation checks

Option D: Reject the null hypothesis

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: They provide a set of statistical

Option B: They Provide a set of rules to protect participants

Option C: They provide a set of hypotheses to be tested

Option D: They provide a set standards for variable selection

Correct Answer: They Provide a set of rules to protect participants ✔

Option A: Learning and behavioral processes

Option B: Psychopathology

Option C: Personality development

Option D: Testing and psychotherapies

Correct Answer: Learning and behavioral processes ✔

Option A: Psychoanalysis

Option B: Cognitive behavior therapy

Option C: Hypnosis

Option D: Counselling

Correct Answer: Psychoanalysis ✔

Option A: Describe, explain, predict, and change human behavior

Option B: To conduct research on mental disorders

Option C: To develop new testing measures to identify mental disorders

Option D: To teach psychology courses in an academic setting

Correct Answer: Describe, explain, predict, and change human behavior ✔

Option A: Diagnosis, prevention

Option B: Prevention, treatment

Option C: Development, treatment

Option D: Diagnosis, treatment

Correct Answer: Prevention, treatment ✔

Option A: Alzheimer’s

Option B: Schizophrenia

Option C: Shell shock

Option D: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Correct Answer: Shell shock ✔

Option A: Sigmund fraud

Option B: Erich Fromm

Option C: Frieda Fromm

Option D: Jane gallop

Correct Answer: Sigmund fraud ✔