Option A: A learned role
Option B: An unlearned role
Option C: A natural role
Option D: A social role
Correct Answer: A learned role ✔
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Option A: Conditions
Option B: Time
Option C: Experiences
Option D: All of these
Correct Answer: All of these ✔
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Option A: He will do it repeatedly
Option B: He will make it a part of his behavior
Option C: He will opt it from other options
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: He is ready to learn
Option B: He has the desire to learn
Option C: He makes efforts to learn consciously
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Increase the peace of development
Option B: Minimize the individual differences
Option C: Reduce the responsibility of teacher
Option D: Both (b) & (c)
Correct Answer: Increase the peace of development ✔
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Attention refers to:
Option A: Attend to an activity
Option B: Respond to the signs coming from the outside
Option C: Produce harmony between stimulus and response
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Learns positive attitudes from his family
Option B: Learns both positive and negative attitudes from his family
Option C: Learns negative attitudes from his family
Option D: None of the above
Correct Answer: Learns both positive and negative attitudes from his family ✔
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Option A: Attitudes
Option B: Individual differences
Option C: learning
Option D: motives
Correct Answer: Attitudes ✔
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Attention is:
Option A: A social state
Option B: A Mental state
Option C: An organic state
Option D: An aptitudinal state
Correct Answer: An aptitudinal state ✔
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Option A: Which factors influence the learning process
Option B: How the field of educational psychology can be widen
Option C: How individual differences can be reduced
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: Which factors influence the learning process ✔
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Option A: inner states
Option B: Observable behavior
Option C: Individual differences
Option D: Measurement of personality
Correct Answer: Observable behavior ✔
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Option A: inner condition
Option B: Observable
Option C: Social condition
Option D: Emotional condition
Correct Answer: inner condition ✔
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Option A: Cognition
Option B: Personality
Option C: Measurement
Option D: Aptitude
Correct Answer: Cognition ✔
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Option A: Intelligence quotient
Option B: Standardize test
Option C: Conditioning
Option D: Curricular content
Correct Answer: Conditioning ✔
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Option A: inner condition
Option B: Observable
Option C: Social condition
Option D: Emotional condition
Correct Answer: inner condition ✔
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Option A: Intelligence quotient
Option B: standardize text
Option C: Conditioning
Option D: Curricular content
Correct Answer: Conditioning ✔
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Option A: Temporary
Option B: Permanent
Option C: Physical
Option D: psycho-dynamic
Correct Answer: Permanent ✔
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Option A: Behaviorism
Option B: Cognitive school of thought
Option C: Progressivism
Option D: Existaetialism
Correct Answer: Cognitive school of thought ✔
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Option A: Is not possible without aptitudinal change
Option B: Is not possible without environmental change
Option C: Not both (a) and (b)
Option D: None
Correct Answer: Is not possible without environmental change ✔
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Option A: negative transfer
Option B: extinction
Option C: discrimination
Option D: successive approximation
Correct Answer: discrimination ✔
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Option A: immediate, consistent and intense
Option B: delayed, consistent, and mild
Option C: immediate, consistent, and mild
Option D: delayed, inconsistent, and intense
Correct Answer: immediate, consistent and intense ✔
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Option A: an increase in stimulus generalization
Option B: the strength of the UR to increase
Option C: an increase in response generalization
Option D: extinction to occur
Correct Answer: extinction to occur ✔
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Option A: operant conditioning
Option B: reinforcement
Option C: classical conditioning
Option D: vicarious conditioning
Correct Answer: classical conditioning ✔
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Option A: neutral stimulus
Option B: unconditioned stimulus
Option C: conditioned stimulus
Option D: unconditioned response
Correct Answer: neutral stimulus ✔
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Option A: variable interval
Option B: variable ratio
Option C: fixed interval
Option D: fixed ratio
Correct Answer: variable interval ✔
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Option A: What is taught to him
Option B: What does he learn at home
Option C: For what he wishes to learn
Option D: What he find in his environment
Correct Answer: What he find in his environment ✔
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What is learning?
Option A: Give rise to many habits
Option B: Give rise to many emotional states
Option C: Gibes rise to many economic abilities
Option D: Give rise to many permanent behavioural changes
Correct Answer: Give rise to many permanent behavioural changes ✔
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Option A: Pavlov
Option B: Skinner
Option C: Thorndike
Option D: Watson
Correct Answer: Thorndike ✔
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Option A: To know the problem
Option B: To comprehend and sole the problems
Option C: To comprehend the problem by experience
Option D: To remove the problem
Correct Answer: To comprehend and sole the problems ✔
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Option A: The particular learning can be beneficial for him
Option B: The particular learning can be beneficial for him in future
Option C: The particular learning can be socially beneficial for him
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Meaningless content
Option B: Meaningful content
Option C: Punishment
Option D: Ignorance of individual differences
Correct Answer: Meaningful content ✔
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Option A: Cannot be memorized
Option B: Can be remembered till long
Option C: Can easily be forgotten
Option D: Are a source of fun for children
Correct Answer: Can easily be forgotten ✔
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Option A: The selection of an activity
Option B: The adoption of an activity
Option C: The understanding of an activity
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Two stimuli being paired that produce a conditioned response over time
Option B: An organism interacting with its environment, becoming changed by experience, and thereby modifying subsequent behaviours
Option C: An organism interacting with its environment through autoshaping and conditioning
Option D: An organism responding to its environment based on reinforcement or punishment for behaviours
Correct Answer: An organism interacting with its environment, becoming changed by experience, and thereby modifying subsequent behaviours ✔
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Option A: A snail experiences a brief jolt of the surface on which it is crawling and reacts by reacting into its shell. Subsequent jolts however, are found to be less effective in inducing withdrawal, until the reaction finally disappears
Option B: The first conspicuous moving object seen by a newly hatched chick is a laboratory attendant. As a consequence, the chick develops an attachment to that person, approaching and following him or her, and tending to avoid other things
Option C: A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour
Option D: A hungry pigeon is given a small amount of food each time it happens to make a turn in a particular direction. After experiencing a few rewards, the bird develops an increasing tendency to circle on the spot in the ‘correct’ direction
Correct Answer: A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour ✔
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Option A: Conditioned stimuli
Option B: Unconditioned stimuli
Option C: Change
Option D: Association
Correct Answer: Association ✔
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Option A: Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
Option B: Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
Option C: Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
Option D: Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
Correct Answer: Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response ✔
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Option A: The UR and CR are not always the same response
Option B: Organisms come to generally behave toward conditioned stimulus as they do unconditioned stimulus
Option C: Stimulus situation
Option D: The UR and CR are always the same response
Correct Answer: (a), (b) and (c) ✔
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Option A: Salivation and responses to light
Option B: Illness-induced aversions and phobias
Option C: Nausea and headaches
Option D: (a),(b) and (c)
Correct Answer: None the above ✔
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Option A: Contiguity and conditioning
Option B: Habituation and contiguity
Option C: Blocking and preparedness
Option D: Blocking and autoshaping
Correct Answer: Blocking and preparedness ✔
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Option A: 1,2 & 3
Option B: 2,3 & 4
Option C: 1,2 & 4
Option D: 4
Correct Answer: 1,2 & 4 ✔
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Option A: Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning
Option B: Imprinting, aversive conditioning and instrumental learning
Option C: Classroom learning, street wise learning and common sense
Option D: Reinforcement, punishment and habituation
Correct Answer: Perceptual learning, spatial learning and discrimination learning ✔
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Option A: OCD behaviours are naturally learned from biological relatives
Option B: OCD behaviours are learned from pairing anxiety-provoking stimuli with common behaviours
Option C: OCD behaviours are learned by perceptual processing of anxiety-provoking stimuli
Option D: OCD behaviours are contingent upon schedule of reinforcement
Correct Answer: OCD behaviours are reinforced and maintained because they reduce anxiety ✔
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Option A: 1 & 2
Option B: 1 & 3
Option C: 2 & 3
Option D: 4
Correct Answer: 1 & 3 ✔
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Option A: In the experiment by Gracia and Koelling (1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and click
Option B: Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli
Option C: The experiment of Gracia and Koelling (1966) opposed the nation of preparedness
Option D: The result of Gracia and Koelling’s (1966) experiment supported researchers’ attempts to establish general laws of learning
Correct Answer: Researchers have tended to assume that they results obtained from laboratory studies reveal general principles about the nature of association formation which apply to other species and other stimuli ✔
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Option A: 1 & 2
Option B: 2 & 3
Option C: 1 & 3
Option D: 2 & 4
Correct Answer: 2 & 4 ✔
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Option A: Response-outcome association
Option B: Stimulus-response association
Option C: Selective response learning
Option D: Instrumental learning
Correct Answer: Stimulus-response association ✔
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Option A: Rates master spatial tasks much more easily than typical configural learning tasks
Option B: Spatial learning operates according to principles identical to those that underlie classical and instrumental conditioning procedures
Option C: Exposure top an environment can allow the animal to forma a cognitive map of the environment
Option D: The animal is then able to negative because it knows its own position with respect to its internal representation environment
Correct Answer: Spatial learning operates according to principles identical to those that underlie classical and instrumental conditioning procedures ✔
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Option A: 1 & 2
Option B: 2 & 3
Option C: 3 & 4
Option D: 1 & 3
Correct Answer: 1 & 2 ✔
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Option A: Instrumental learning is the process by which an animal learns about the relationship between the behaviour and the consequences of that behaviour
Option B: Instrumentally trained responses are not entirely elicited by identifiable stimuli
Option C: Instrumental learning allows the animal to control the occurrence of environmental events
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Pavlov’s standard procedure, involved the following: a dog was given access to food, and each presentation was accompanied (usually slightly preceded by the occurrence of a neutral event, such as a flashing light
Option B: After several training trials (pairings of light and food), the dog would salivate at the flash of light, before any food had appeared
Option C: Salivation at the presentation of food is called a conditioned response
Option D: The event that evokes the conditioned response is referred to as a conditioned stimulus
Correct Answer: After several training trials (pairings of light and food), the dog would salivate at the flash of light, before any food had appeared ✔
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Option A: Physically prepared
Option B: Mentally prepared
Option C: Emotionally prepared
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Behavior
Option B: Attitudes
Option C: Skills and increase in skills
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Goals to achieve
Option B: Difficulties confronted
Option C: skills necessary for solution of difficulty
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Learning thought trial & error
Option B: Learning thought imitation
Option C: Learning thought insight
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Has an understanding of the environment
Option B: Knows the benefits of the solution of problem
Option C: Consciously makes efforts to solve a problem
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Trial & error
Option B: Imitation
Option C: Insight
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Uses his previous knowledge
Option B: Deliberately attempts to solve the problems
Option C: Identifies the irrelevant aspects of a problems
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: before
Option B: after
Option C: simultaneously with
Option D: in a manner unrelated to
Correct Answer: before ✔
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Option A: adaptations
Option B: gradients
Option C: successive approximations
Option D: conditioning trials
Correct Answer: successive approximations ✔
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Option A: observational learning
Option B: non-contingent reinforcement
Option C: resistance to extinction
Option D: classical conditioning
Correct Answer: observational learning ✔
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Option A: generalization
Option B: negative reinforcement
Option C: higher-order conditioning
Option D: punishment
Correct Answer: punishment ✔
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Positive reinforcement__the rate of responding negative reinforcement________the rate of responding.
Option A: increases; decreases
Option B: decreases; increases
Option C: increases; increases
Option D: decreases; decreases
Correct Answer: increases; increases ✔
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Option A: biological; acquired
Option B: conditioned; unconditioned
Option C: weak; potent
Option D: immediate; delayed
Correct Answer: biological; acquired ✔
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Option A: only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR
Option B: auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli
Option C: visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli
Option D: an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS
Correct Answer: an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS ✔
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Option A: unconditioned stimulus
Option B: unconditioned response
Option C: conditioned stimulus
Option D: conditioned response
Correct Answer: conditioned response ✔
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Option A: stimulus automatically produces a response without a prior history of experience
Option B: stimulus which did not initially produce a response now elicits that response
Option C: spontaneously emitted response increases in frequency as a result of in consequences
Option D: subject repeats an action he or she has observed in another and is praised for it
Correct Answer: stimulus which did not initially produce a response now elicits that response ✔
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Option A: conditioned response
Option B: unconditioned stimulus
Option C: conditioned stimulus
Option D: unconditioned response
Correct Answer: conditioned response ✔
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Option A: intermittent
Option B: partial
Option C: negative
Option D: continuous
Correct Answer: continuous ✔
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Option A: conditioned response
Option B: unconditioned stimulus
Option C: conditioned stimulus
Option D: unconditioned response
Correct Answer: unconditioned stimulus ✔
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Option A: continuous
Option B: fixed interval
Option C: variable interval
Option D: fixed ratio
Correct Answer: fixed interval ✔
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Option A: flooding the person with images of the feared stimulus
Option B: gradually exposing the person to the feared stimulus
Option C: gradually exposing the person to the feared stimulus only when they are fully relaxed
Option D: systematically increasing the stimulus intensity up to the breaking point
Correct Answer: gradually exposing the person to the feared stimulus ✔
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Option A: Positive reinforcement
Option B: Punishment
Option C: Negative reinforcement
Option D: Observation
Correct Answer: Punishment ✔
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Option A: Decreases
Option B: Is punished
Option C: Remains the same
Option D: Increases
Correct Answer: Increases ✔
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Option A: Principle of reinforcement
Option B: Law of effect
Option C: Contiguity hypothesis
Option D: Theory of behaviorism
Correct Answer: Law of effect ✔
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Option A: Unconditioned response
Option B: Conditioned stimulus
Option C: Conditioned response
Option D: Unconditioned stimulus
Correct Answer: Unconditioned stimulus ✔
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Rahila found that a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus only if it is contingent and:
Option A: Inclusive
Option B: Dominant
Option C: Informative
Option D: Appropriate
Correct Answer: Informative ✔
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A child who has been frightened by a dog develops a fear response to all dogs. This is known as:
Option A: Stimulus Discrimination
Option B: Extinction
Option C: Spontaneous recovery
Option D: Stimulus Generalization
Correct Answer: Stimulus Generalization ✔
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Option A: Unconditioned response
Option B: Conditioned response
Option C: Conditioned stimulus
Option D: Unconditioned stimulus
Correct Answer: Conditioned stimulus ✔
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Option A: Extinction
Option B: Generalization
Option C: Spontaneous recovery
Option D: Discrimination
Correct Answer: Extinction ✔
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Option A: Conditioned stimulus
Option B: Unconditional responses
Option C: Conditioned response
Option D: Unconditioned stimulus
Correct Answer: Unconditioned stimulus ✔
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Option A: Employs his cognitive for solving his problems
Option B: Observes the behavior of others
Option C: Considers just one aspect of a problem
Option D: Both (a) and (b)
Correct Answer: Employs his cognitive for solving his problems ✔
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Option A: Trial & error
Option B: Insight
Option C: Imitation
Option D: Doing
Correct Answer: Imitation ✔
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Option A: Observation the people doing work
Option B: Solving the problems of mathematics
Option C: Attempting the works of people
Option D: Repeating the methodology of doing work
Correct Answer: Solving the problems of mathematics ✔
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Option A: Observe the other people doing work
Option B: Makes efforts to do the work by himself
Option C: Makes efforts to perform the same
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: A natural act
Option B: An imitative act
Option C: An emotional act
Option D: A social act
Correct Answer: A natural act ✔
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Option A: Learning by trial & error
Option B: Learning by imitation
Option C: Learning insight
Option D: Learning by doing
Correct Answer: Learning by imitation ✔
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Option A: Identification of the problem
Option B: Realization of the problem
Option C: Efforts for the solution of problem
Option D: Remembering the solution of problem
Correct Answer: Identification of the problem ✔
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Option A: He finds an appropriate solution
Option B: He commits a mistakes
Option C: He comes across some negative response
Option D: Both (a) and (b)
Correct Answer: He finds an appropriate solution ✔
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Option A: Has not already available solution to his problems
Option B: Does not use his intellect
Option C: Does not commit mistakes
Option D: Does not retry after failure
Correct Answer: Has not already available solution to his problems ✔
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Option A: Is the personal experience of an individual
Option B: Is not concerned with the environmental stimulus
Option C: Has no effect on the individual
Option D: Is concerned with the social law
Correct Answer: Is the personal experience of an individual ✔
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Option A: Sex discrimination
Option B: Physical development
Option C: Cognitive development
Option D: Experience
Correct Answer: Sex discrimination ✔
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Learning is a:
Option A: Contiguous process
Option B: Process which brings about changes
Option C: Process which brings about behavior modification
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Enables him to pass though further experience
Option B: Becomes neutral
Option C: Becomes negative
Option D: Becomes imbalanced
Correct Answer: Enables him to pass though further experience ✔
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Option A: Don not leave any effect on individual’s behavior
Option B: Are not concerned with environment
Option C: Enable an individual to perform his role
Option D: Are concerned with heredity
Correct Answer: Enable an individual to perform his role ✔
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Option A: Process
Option B: Process and changes
Option C: Process, changes and experience
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: Process ✔
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Option A: Are sometimes temporary
Option B: Are sometimes permanent
Option C: Are always natural
Option D: Both (a) and (b)
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) ✔
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Option A: Temporary
Option B: Permanent
Option C: Neutral
Option D: None of the above
Correct Answer: Permanent ✔
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Option A: Are permanent
Option B: Continue throughout life
Option C: Pave the way to new changes
Option D: All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above ✔
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Option A: Intends to change
Option B: Passes through an experience
Option C: Passes through the learning process
Option D: Both (a) and (b)
Correct Answer: Both (a) and (b) ✔
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