Psychology MCQs

Option A: primary reinforcement

Option B: secondary reinforcement

Option C: social reinforcement

Option D: both b and c

Correct Answer: both b and c ✔

Option A: token economies

Option B: differential reinforcement

Option C: contingency management

Option D: systematic decentralization

Correct Answer: systematic decentralization ✔

Option A: primary reinforce

Option B: secondary reinforce

Option C: negative reinforce

Option D: simple operant

Correct Answer: secondary reinforce ✔

Option A: positive reinforcement

Option B: neutral acknowledgment

Option C: negative reinforcement

Option D: differential reinforcement

Correct Answer: differential reinforcement ✔

Option A: practice alone procedures learning

Option B: in addition to reinforcement there must be reward

Option C: in addition to practice there must be reinforcement

Option D: Skinner’s view has been superseded by Hull’s

Correct Answer: in addition to practice there must be reinforcement ✔

Option A: spontaneous recovery

Option B: platikurtic

Option C: reminiscence

Option D: recall

Correct Answer: reminiscence ✔

Option A: trial-and-error learning

Option B: a fixed-action pattern

Option C: instinctual drift

Option D: insight

Correct Answer: insight ✔

Option A: higher order conditioning

Option B: forward conditioning

Option C: backward conditioning

Option D: second order conditioning

Correct Answer: backward conditioning ✔

Option A: an aversive stimulus is administered

Option B: a pleasing stimulus is removed

Option C: response learning is faster than escape training

Option D: an aversive stimulus is removed

Correct Answer: an aversive stimulus is removed ✔

Option A: feedback

Option B: repetition

Option C: distribution of practice

Option D: reflex action

Correct Answer: reflex action ✔

Option A: fixed ratio

Option B: variable interval

Option C: variable ratio

Option D: fixed interval

Correct Answer: fixed interval ✔

Option A: extinction

Option B: discrimination

Option C: secondary reinforcement

Option D: generalization

Correct Answer: generalization ✔

Option A: verbal learning

Option B: operant conditioning

Option C: classical conditioning

Option D: motor task learning

Correct Answer: verbal learning ✔

Option A: Skinner

Option B: Pavlov

Option C: Atkinson

Option D: Thorndike

Correct Answer: Thorndike ✔

Option A: avoidance conditioning

Option B: punishment

Option C: escape conditioning

Option D: successive approximation

Correct Answer: avoidance conditioning ✔

Option A: reinforcement

Option B: habit strength

Option C: contiguity of S and R D. S-R connection

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: C. contiguity of S and R D. S-R connection ✔

Option A: social learning

Option B: latent conditioning

Option C: instrumental conditioning

Option D: instinctive conditioning

Correct Answer: instrumental conditioning ✔

Option A: shaping

Option B: modeling

Option C: observing

Option D: praising

Correct Answer: modeling ✔

Option A: operant conditioning

Option B: response learning

Option C: verbal learning

Option D: perceptual learning

Correct Answer: perceptual learning ✔

Option A: hormones in behavior

Option B: activity states on behavior

Option C: internal drive states on behavior

Option D: rewards and punishment on behavior

Correct Answer: rewards and punishment on behavior ✔

Option A: positive reinforcement

Option B: negative reinforcement

Option C: shaping

Option D: punishment

Correct Answer: punishment ✔

Option A: shaping

Option B: omission training

Option C: positive reinforcement

Option D: continuous reinforcement

Correct Answer: omission training ✔

Option A: B. F. Skinner

Option B: Bandura and Walters

Option C: Miller and Dollard

Option D: J. B. Watson

Correct Answer: Miller and Dollard ✔

Option A: positive reinforcement

Option B: negative reinforcement

Option C: punishment

Option D: escape

Correct Answer: negative reinforcement ✔

Option A: backward conditioning

Option B: punishment

Option C: positive reinforcement

Option D: negative reinforcement

Correct Answer: positive reinforcement ✔

Option A: spontaneous recovery

Option B: inhibition

Option C: extinction

Option D: higher-order conditioning

Correct Answer: extinction ✔

Option A: John Garcia

Option B: B. F. Skinner

Option C: Edward Thorndike

Option D: Edward Tolman

Correct Answer: Edward Thorndike ✔

Option A: blue, yellow, red

Option B: blue, green, red

Option C: green, orange, red

Option D: green, yellow, red

Correct Answer: blue, yellow, red ✔

Option A: retinal disparity

Option B: interposition

Option C: continuity

Option D: convergence

Correct Answer: convergence ✔

Option A: closure

Option B: continuity

Option C: similarity

Option D: proximity

Correct Answer: continuity ✔

Option A: motivation

Option B: past experience

Option C: size

Option D: expectation

Correct Answer: size ✔

Option A: cones

Option B: rods

Option C: lens

Option D: cornea

Correct Answer: rods ✔

Option A: size constancy

Option B: brightness constancy

Option C: linear perspective

Option D: texture gradient

Correct Answer: brightness constancy ✔

Option A: a stimulus factor in perception

Option B: a personal factor in perception

Option C: a stimulus factor in motivation

Option D: a Gestalt principle of perception

Correct Answer: a stimulus factor in perception ✔

Option A: fovea

Option B: iris

Option C: cornea

Option D: retina

Correct Answer: fovea ✔

Option A: relative size

Option B: motive parallax

Option C: patterns of shading

Option D: texture gradient

Correct Answer: motive parallax ✔

Option A: at the receptor cite

Option B: only in the external receptors

Option C: in the brain

Option D: only under intense stimulus levels

Correct Answer: in the brain ✔

Option A: linear perspective

Option B: interposition

Option C: similarity

Option D: convergence

Correct Answer: linear perspective ✔

Option A: proximity

Option B: closure

Option C: continuity

Option D: simplicity

Correct Answer: simplicity ✔

Option A: larger

Option B: smaller

Option C: nearer

Option D: farther away

Correct Answer: nearer ✔

Option A: perceptual set

Option B: retinal disparity

Option C: perceptual constancy

Option D: convergence

Correct Answer: perceptual constancy ✔

Option A: primary color theory

Option B: signal detection theory

Option C: opponent process theory

Option D: trichromatic theory

Correct Answer: trichromatic theory ✔

Option A: convergence

Option B: interposition

Option C: relative clarity

Option D: relative motion

Correct Answer: relative motion ✔

Option A: interposition

Option B: relative height

Option C: linear perspective

Option D: texture gradient

Correct Answer: texture gradient ✔

Option A: proximity

Option B: closure

Option C: similarity

Option D: continuity

Correct Answer: proximity ✔

Option A: clairvoyants

Option B: telepaths

Option C: parapsychologists

Option D: levitators

Correct Answer: parapsychologists ✔

Option A: frequencies

Option B: Hertz

Option C: wavelengths

Option D: decibels

Correct Answer: decibels ✔

Option A: perceptual consistency

Option B: relative motion

Option C: linear perspective

Option D: continuity

Correct Answer: perceptual consistency ✔

Option A: perceptual consistency

Option B: relative motion

Option C: linear perspective

Option D: continuity

Correct Answer: perceptual consistency ✔

Option A: perceptual set

Option B: retinal disparity

Option C: convergence

Option D: visual capture

Correct Answer: perceptual set ✔

Option A: convergence

Option B: linear perspective

Option C: relative motion

Option D: retinal disparity

Correct Answer: retinal disparity ✔

Option A: sensory adaptation

Option B: feature detection

Option C: signal detection

Option D: transduction

Correct Answer: transduction ✔

Option A: the Young-Helmholtz theory

Option B: the opponent-process theory

Option C: feature detection

Option D: color constancy

Correct Answer: color constancy ✔

Option A: the bones of the middle ear

Option B: membranes within cochlea

Option C: information from the muscles, tendons and joints

Option D: the body’s sense of balance

Correct Answer: information from the muscles, tendons and joints ✔

Option A: dark adaptation

Option B: light adaptation

Option C: coding of contrast

Option D: coding of light intensity patterns

Correct Answer: light adaptation ✔

Option A: iris

Option B: retina

Option C: lens

Option D: optic nerve

Correct Answer: retina ✔

Option A: hearing only

Option B: vision

Option C: smell

Option D: touch

Correct Answer: vision ✔

Option A: proximity

Option B: similarity

Option C: contrast

Option D: closure

Correct Answer: contrast ✔

Option A: shape

Option B: height

Option C: distance

Option D: convergence

Correct Answer: distance ✔

Option A: form, substance

Option B: up, down

Option C: summer, winter

Option D: moon, sky

Correct Answer: moon, sky ✔

Option A: perceptual set

Option B: selective attention

Option C: figure-ground perception

Option D: interposition

Correct Answer: figure-ground perception ✔

Option A: German

Option B: French

Option C: Latin

Option D: Spanish

Correct Answer: German ✔

Option A: lens

Option B: cornea

Option C: pupil

Option D: fovea

Correct Answer: pupil ✔

Option A: fovea

Option B: ganglion

Option C: cone

Option D: rod

Correct Answer: rod ✔

Option A: shadowing

Option B: selective listening

Option C: parallel processing

Option D: None of these

Correct Answer: selective listening ✔

Option A: perception is the same as sensation

Option B: we learn to perceive the world through experience

Option C: the whole is more than the sum of its parts

Option D: sensation has no effect on perception

Correct Answer: the whole is more than the sum of its parts ✔

Option A: rods

Option B: cones

Option C: bipolar cells

Option D: feature detectors

Correct Answer: cones ✔

Option A: sensory processes

Option B: top-down processes

Option C: bottom-up processes

Option D: parallel processes

Correct Answer: top-down processes ✔

Option A: lens

Option B: retina

Option C: cornea

Option D: iris

Correct Answer: iris ✔

Option A: binocular cue

Option B: interposition

Option C: perceptual adaptation

Option D: organized whole

Correct Answer: organized whole ✔

Option A: perceptual set

Option B: selective viewing

Option C: Stroop interference

Option D: frame illusion

Correct Answer: perceptual set ✔

Option A: vestibular sacs

Option B: olfactory receptors

Option C: bipolar cells

Option D: basilar membrane

Correct Answer: olfactory receptors ✔

Option A: pupils

Option B: corneas

Option C: rods and cones

Option D: bipolar cells

Correct Answer: rods and cones ✔

Option A: smell

Option B: touch

Option C: kinesthesia

Option D: pain

Correct Answer: pain ✔

Option A: binocular disparity

Option B: a frame of reference

Option C: a linear perspective

Option D: bottom-up processing

Correct Answer: a frame of reference ✔

Option A: optic nerve

Option B: cornea

Option C: retina

Option D: iris

Correct Answer: retina ✔

Option A: figure-ground relations

Option B: perception of similarity

Option C: good continuation

Option D: border and texture

Correct Answer: border and texture ✔

Option A: convergence

Option B: continuity

Option C: interposition

Option D: closure

Correct Answer: interposition ✔

Option A: ossicles

Option B: eardrum

Option C: basilar membrane

Option D: tectorial membrane

Correct Answer: eardrum ✔

Option A: motion cues

Option B: depth cues

Option C: time cues

Option D: all of the above

Correct Answer: depth cues ✔

Option A: lens

Option B: iris

Option C: retina

Option D: Coptic nerve

Correct Answer: iris ✔

Option A: figure, ground

Option B: good form, good continuation

Option C: ground, background

Option D: good form, circumscription

Correct Answer: figure, ground ✔

Option A: more coarsely textured

Option B: less hazy

Option C: more distant

Option D: closer

Correct Answer: more distant ✔

Option A: increases, decreases

Option B: decreases, increases

Option C: decreases, decreases

Option D: a and b

Correct Answer: decreases, increases ✔

Option A: adaptation

Option B: accommodation

Option C: continuity

Option D: threshold

Correct Answer: adaptation ✔

Option A: eye convergence

Option B: linear perspective

Option C: relative image size of familiar objects

Option D: occlusion

Correct Answer: occlusion ✔

Option A: closure

Option B: proximity

Option C: similarity

Option D: common movement

Correct Answer: common movement ✔

Option A: interposition

Option B: convergence

Option C: closure

Option D: linear perspective

Correct Answer: convergence ✔

Option A: Weber’s law

Option B: the opponent-process theory

Option C: feature detection

Option D: the difference threshold

Correct Answer: A. Weber’s law ✔

Option A: eyes

Option B: ears

Option C: tongue

Option D: skin

Correct Answer: skin ✔

Option A: the gamma phenomenon

Option B: the principle of illusory circle

Option C: the autokinetic illusion

Option D: stroboscopic motion

Correct Answer: stroboscopic motion ✔

Option A: sensation

Option B: perception

Option C: selective attention

Option D: adaptation

Correct Answer: perception ✔

Option A: closure

Option B: proximity

Option C: disparity

Option D: similarity

Correct Answer: disparity ✔

Option A: brightness, focus, angle

Option B: shape, location, size

Option C: color, texture, content

Option D: size, age, weight

Correct Answer: color, texture, content ✔

Option A: trial and error

Option B: latent learning

Option C: insight learning

Option D: shaping

Correct Answer: insight learning ✔

Option A: relative size

Option B: good continuation

Option C: interposition

Option D: the Poggendroff illusion

Correct Answer: interposition ✔

Option A: cornea

Option B: lens

Option C: retina

Option D: pupil

Correct Answer: retina ✔

Option A: a cloudy cornea

Option B: an elongated eyeball

Option C: a malfunction of the lens of the eye

Option D: an eyeball that has become shortened

Correct Answer: an elongated eyeball ✔

Option A: optic chiasma

Option B: optic nerve

Option C: blind spot

Option D: fovea

Correct Answer: optic chiasma ✔

Option A: size

Option B: shape

Option C: color

Option D: dimension

Correct Answer: dimension ✔