Personality MCQs

Option A: Pessimists

Option B: Optimists

Option C: Neurotics

Option D: Extraverts

Correct Answer: Extraverts ✔

Option A: Carver and Scheier’s control theory of human functioning states that there are stable individual differences in the extent to which we attend to aspects of the self

Option B: In control theory, if we perceive ourselves to have reached too high a standard of behavior, the personality system will increase the discrepancy between the standard and the perceived level

Option C: Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss (1975) developed a self-consciousness scale to measure what they considered to be stable what they considered to be stable individual and difference in private and public self-consciousness

Option D: None of the above-all are correct

Correct Answer: In control theory, if we perceive ourselves to have reached too high a standard of behavior, the personality system will increase the discrepancy between the standard and the perceived level ✔

Option A: External-internal

Option B: Experimenting-conservative

Option C: Neuroticism-stability

Option D: Extraversion-introversion

Correct Answer: Extraversion-introversion ✔

Option A: Attain the attributes of the ought self

Option B: Attain the attributes of the ideal self

Option C: Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ideal self

Option D: Reduce discrepancies between the actual self and ought self

Correct Answer: All of the above ✔

Option A: The way we feel can determined by immediate responses to situations as they occur

Option B: The way we feel can be determined by immediate responses to situations as they occur

Option C: Feeling angry anxious or happy might impact on any of the other types of cognition, changing the way we respond

Option D: A dispositionally calm person will not become anxious even when the elevator they are travelling in becomes stuck between floors

Correct Answer: A dispositionally calm person will not become anxious even when the elevator they are travelling in becomes stuck between floors ✔

Option A: Stable, global

Option B: Unstable, specific

Option C: External, global

Option D: External, specific

Correct Answer: Stable, global ✔

Option A: Extraversion

Option B: Neuroticism

Option C: Self-efficacy

Option D: Self-regulation

Correct Answer: Self-efficacy ✔

Option A: Competencies

Option B: Goals and values

Option C: Affects

Option D: Encodings

Correct Answer: Encodings ✔

Option A: Introverts: extroverts

Option B: Extroverts; introverts

Option C: Similar; unique

Option D: Unique; similar

Correct Answer: Similar; unique ✔

Option A: Research as shown monozygotic twins to have much more similar personality traits than dizygotic twins

Option B: Both adoption studies and twin studies are consistent with a genetic influence on personality

Option C: Adoption studies have shown that environment plays no part in the development of personality

Option D: Children who are genetically more active and impulsive can cause their parents to be more responsive to their needs than other children

Correct Answer: Adoption studies have shown that environment plays no part in the development of personality ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 4

Option C: 2 & 3

Option D: 1 & 3

Correct Answer: 1 & 2 ✔

Option A: Traits are descriptors used to label personality

Option B: Sheldon (1974) categorized people according to four body types

Option C: Modern theorists view traits as discrete rather than continuous entities

Option D: According to trait theorists, categorizing people into separate groups of ‘sociable’ versus ‘unsociable’ is extremely useful

Correct Answer: Traits are descriptors used to label personality ✔

Option A: Forthright-shrewd

Option B: Placid-Neurotic

Option C: Undisciplined-controlled

Option D: Tough-minded-tender-minded

Correct Answer: Placid-Neurotic ✔

Option A: Openness

Option B: Anxiety

Option C: Extraversion

Option D: Agreeableness

Correct Answer: Anxiety ✔

Option A: 1 & 2

Option B: 3 & 4

Option C: 1 & 3

Option D: 2 & 4

Correct Answer: 1 & 3 ✔

Option A: Allport

Option B: Rogers

Option C: Freud

Option D: Cattell

Correct Answer: Cattell ✔

Option A: Oral

Option B: Anal

Option C: Phallic

Option D: Latency

Correct Answer: Oral ✔

Option A: At an early oral stage children usually start to explore their environment but experience control and discipline from their parents

Option B: Fixation at the anal stage results in children deriving pleasure in adulthood from activities such as overeating, smoking, drinking and kissing

Option C: At the genital stage children discover pleasure from touching their genitals

Option D: During the latency period sexual impulses are rechanneled into activities such as sport, learning and social activities

Correct Answer: During the latency period sexual impulses are rechanneled into activities such as sport, learning and social activities ✔

Option A: Present a positive and optimistic view of human behaviour

Option B: Regard people as victims of their unconscious motivations and conflicts

Option C: Place an emphasis on individual experiences, relationships and ways of understanding the world

Option D: Are based on beliefs that everyone’s experience is unique, and that he individual’s perception of the world is critical to their understanding and behaviour

Correct Answer: Regard people as victims of their unconscious motivations and conflicts ✔

Option A: environmental influences

Option B: biological influences

Option C: one’s perception of the environment

Option D: collective unconscious

Correct Answer: C. one’s perception of the environment ✔

Option A: The concept of unconscious mental processes is the idea that unconscious motivations and needs have a role in determining or behaviour

Option B: The concept of unconscious mental processes emphasizes the rational aspects of human behaviour

Option C: A psychogenetic model of development shows how the mind is organized

Option D: A topographic model of the psyche shows how personality develops

Correct Answer: The concept of unconscious mental processes is the idea that unconscious motivations and needs have a role in determining or behaviour ✔

Option A: classical conditioning

Option B: operant conditioning

Option C: observational learning

Option D: insight learning

Correct Answer: operant conditioning ✔

Option A: suffer extensively from feelings of unrealistically low self-esteem

Option B: underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments

Option C: view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others

Option D: are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future

Correct Answer: view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others ✔

Option A: strong feelings of self-efficacy

Option B: a sense of superiority

Option C: strong feelings of self-esteem

Option D: strong defense mechanisms

Correct Answer: strong feelings of self-efficacy ✔

Option A: the humanistic approach

Option B: the psychoanalytic approach

Option C: Skinner’s approach

Option D: the behavioral approach

Correct Answer: the humanistic approach ✔

Option A: the failure of parents to reinforce healthy behavior

Option B: a poor self-concept resulting from excessive parental demands

Option C: unconscious and unresolved sexual conflicts rooted in childhood experiences

Option D: the exposure of children to unhealthy role models

Correct Answer: unconscious and unresolved sexual conflicts rooted in childhood experiences ✔

Option A: his ego

Option B: his superego

Option C: his id

Option D: Bacchus

Correct Answer: his id ✔

Option A: displacement

Option B: reaction formation

Option C: identification

Option D: replacement

Correct Answer: displacement ✔

Option A: physical gratification

Option B: existential anxiety

Option C: striving for superiority

Option D: the need for power

Correct Answer: striving for superiority ✔

Option A: category used to describe personality

Option B: interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality

Option C: relatively permanent set to behavior patterns

Option D: subjective evaluation of person

Correct Answer: interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality ✔

Option A: social interactionism

Option B: neuroticism

Option C: agreeableness

Option D: sense of humor

Correct Answer: agreeableness ✔

Option A: an overpowering superego

Option B: an unrestrained id

Option C: dominance of the pleasure principle

Option D: balance among mental processes

Correct Answer: balance among mental processes ✔

Option A: fixation

Option B: imitation

Option C: observation

Option D: identification

Correct Answer: identification ✔

Option A: unrelated

Option B: similar

Option C: identical

Option D: conflicting

Correct Answer: similar ✔

Option A: hostile generous, or destructive impulses arise in the unconscious

Option B: personality is a acquired through conditioning and observational learning

Option C: personality is strongly influenced by one’s self image

Option D: personality develops from initial feelings of inferiority

Correct Answer: personality is a acquired through conditioning and observational learning ✔

Option A: meta-needs

Option B: the self or self-image

Option C: self-reinforcement

Option D: the pleasure principle

Correct Answer: the self or self-image ✔

Option A: boring

Option B: ineffective

Option C: dull

Option D: arrogant

Correct Answer: arrogant ✔

Option A: it emphasized the negative dimensions of personality

Option B: it is research rather than experience oriented

Option C: its concepts are imprecise and difficult to study objectively

Option D: its approach is more empirical than philosophical

Correct Answer: its concepts are imprecise and difficult to study objectively ✔

Option A: persona

Option B: collective consciousness

Option C: archetypes

Option D: mandalas

Correct Answer: archetypes ✔

Option A: MMPI-2

Option B: Rorschach

Option C: NEO-PI

Option D: TAT

Correct Answer: Rorschach ✔

Option A: her hereditary aspects of one’s emotional nature

Option B: unique and enduring behavior patterns

Option C: favorable and unfavorable personal characteristics

Option D: charisma, character, or temperament

Correct Answer: unique and enduring behavior patterns ✔

Option A: id-fixated

Option B: archetypical

Option C: an erogenous zone

Option D: a source for modeling

Correct Answer: an erogenous zone ✔

Option A: avoid the use of punishment

Option B: exhibit unconditional love toward the child

Option C: create an atmosphere of intellectual stimulation

Option D: present physical challenges to ensure healthy growth

Correct Answer: exhibit unconditional love toward the child ✔

Option A: rationalization

Option B: fantasy

Option C: projection

Option D: displacement

Correct Answer: rationalization ✔

Option A: MMPI-2

Option B: NEO-PI

Option C: BFQ

Option D: TAT

Correct Answer: TAT ✔

Option A: external locus of control

Option B: projection

Option C: optimism

Option D: the Barnum effect

Correct Answer: optimism ✔

Option A: learned helplessness

Option B: the spotlight effect

Option C: self-serving bias

Option D: an Electra complex

Correct Answer: self-serving bias ✔

Option A: extraversion

Option B: openness

Option C: emotional stability

Option D: conscientiousness

Correct Answer: conscientiousness ✔

Option A: latency

Option B: phallic

Option C: oral

Option D: anal

Correct Answer: phallic ✔

Option A: Piaget

Option B: Freud

Option C: Rorschach

Option D: Jung

Correct Answer: Rorschach ✔

Option A: never experience a phallic stage of development

Option B: suffer an Electra complex

Option C: often experience learned helplessness

Option D: have weak superegos

Correct Answer: have weak superegos ✔

Option A: fixation

Option B: reciprocal determinism

Option C: an external locus of control

Option D: the self-reference phenomenon

Correct Answer: fixation ✔

Option A: rationalization

Option B: reaction formation

Option C: regression

Option D: projection

Correct Answer: regression ✔

Option A: the collective unconscious

Option B: reciprocal determinism

Option C: the preconscious

Option D: primeval consciousness

Correct Answer: the collective unconscious ✔

Option A: Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF) naira

Option B: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Option C: Rorschach test

Option D: Edwards Personal Preference schedule

Correct Answer: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) ✔

Option A: learned helplessness

Option B: an internal locus of control

Option C: an inferiority complex

Option D: the self-reference phenomenon

Correct Answer: learned helplessness ✔

Option A: an external locus of control

Option B: the self-serving phenomenon

Option C: reaction formation

Option D: reciprocal determinism

Correct Answer: reciprocal determinism ✔

Option A: displacement

Option B: reaction formation

Option C: reciprocal determinism

Option D: the Oedipus complex

Correct Answer: the Oedipus complex ✔

Option A: extravert

Option B: iconoclast

Option C: animus-type personality

Option D: archetypal personality

Correct Answer: extravert ✔

Option A: ideal self and actual self

Option B: the pleasure principle and the reality principle

Option C: introversion and extroversion

Option D: the client’s values and the therapist’s values

Correct Answer: ideal self and actual self ✔

Option A: self-serving bias

Option B: an external locus of control

Option C: the pleasure principle

Option D: reciprocal determinism

Correct Answer: an external locus of control ✔

Option A: repression

Option B: displacement

Option C: projection

Option D: identification

Correct Answer: identification ✔

Option A: environmental factors that could promote aggression

Option B: feelings of repressed hostility

Option C: instinctual explanations

Option D: early learning experiences and reinforcement history

Correct Answer: early learning experiences and reinforcement history ✔

Option A: regression

Option B: identification

Option C: projection

Option D: reaction formation

Correct Answer: reaction formation ✔

Option A: self-serving bias

Option B: reaction formation

Option C: an external locus of control

Option D: fixation

Correct Answer: reaction formation ✔

Option A: Carl Rogers

Option B: Albert Bandura

Option C: Carl Jung

Option D: Abraham Maslow

Correct Answer: Carl Jung ✔

Option A: passive-aggressive

Option B: manic-depressive

Option C: unstable-introverted

Option D: external-dependent

Correct Answer: unstable-introverted ✔

Option A: superego is to repetition principle

Option B: ego is to reality principle

Option C: ego is repetition principle

Option D: ego is executive principle

Correct Answer: ego is to reality principle ✔

Option A: inability to test or verify concepts

Option B: limited recognition of temperament, emotion and subjective factors

Option C: ability to explain behavior after the fact only

Option D: emphasis on the conditions under which behaviors occur

Correct Answer: limited recognition of temperament, emotion and subjective factors ✔

Option A: biologically determined

Option B: relatively permanent and enduring

Option C: situation specific

Option D: shared by a group

Correct Answer: relatively permanent and enduring ✔

Option A: using projective tests to assess their motives

Option B: using free association and dream analysis

Option C: interpreting their flattering self-description as a self-serving bias

Option D: selectively studying people with qualities he admired

Correct Answer: selectively studying people with qualities he admired ✔

Option A: have removed the “person” from personality

Option B: emphasize situational determinants of behavior

Option C: stress the role of the unconscious

Option D: would view a trait as stable in all situations

Correct Answer: emphasize situational determinants of behavior ✔

Option A: create traits that fit people

Option B: increase the number of basic traits that have been identified

Option C: classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior

Option D: reduce the common traits to measures of temperament

Correct Answer: classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior ✔

Option A: fixation

Option B: free association

Option C: factor analysis

Option D: projection

Correct Answer: free association ✔

Option A: the Barnum effect

Option B: the spotlight effect

Option C: the self-reference phenomenon

Option D: unconditional positive regard

Correct Answer: the Barnum effect ✔

Option A: reciprocal determinism

Option B: an internal locus of control

Option C: reaction formation

Option D: the self-reference phenomenon

Correct Answer: an internal locus of control ✔

Option A: unconditional positive regard

Option B: attributional style

Option C: the spotlight effect

Option D: self-serving bias

Correct Answer: self-serving bias ✔

Option A: collective psychology

Option B: existential psychology

Option C: depth psychology

Option D: analytical psychology

Correct Answer: analytical psychology ✔

Option A: ideal self

Option B: gender identity

Option C: unconditional positive regard

Option D: attributional style

Correct Answer: attributional style ✔

Option A: latency

Option B: genital

Option C: anal

Option D: phallic

Correct Answer: anal ✔

Option A: projection

Option B: fixation

Option C: rationalization

Option D: repression

Correct Answer: repression ✔

Option A: reciprocal determinism

Option B: self-serving bias

Option C: the spotlight effect

Option D: an Electra complex

Correct Answer: the spotlight effect ✔

Option A: Situations change traits

Option B: Situations create new traits

Option C: Traits determine situations

Option D: Situations affect how traits are exhibited

Correct Answer: Situations affect how traits are exhibited ✔

Option A: belief that the first years of life help to shape personality

Option B: belief in the concept of libido, sexual desires, and biological instincts

Option C: discovery of complexes during the genital stage

Option D: elaboration of the humanistic approach to personality development

Correct Answer: belief that the first years of life help to shape personality ✔

Option A: pleasure principle

Option B: reality principle

Option C: ego ideal

Option D: partial ego principle

Correct Answer: reality principle ✔

Option A: Trait; humanistic

Option B: Psychoanalytic; behaviorist

Option C: Psychoanalytic; humanistic

Option D: Trait; behaviorist

Correct Answer: Psychoanalytic; behaviorist ✔

Option A: as reliable but no necessary valid estimates

Option B: as ballpark estimates of the influence of genetics

Option C: as accurate estimates of the influence of genetics

Option D: as relatively useless estimates of the influence of genetics

Correct Answer: as ballpark estimates of the influence of genetics ✔

Option A: increased striving for self-esteem

Option B: more stereotypic thinking about minorities

Option C: more aggressive behavior toward people with opposing views

Option D: reduced respect for cultural icons

Correct Answer: reduced respect for cultural icons ✔

Option A: Self-regard

Option B: Self-efficacy

Option C: Self-actualization

Option D: Self-esteem

Correct Answer: Self-efficacy ✔

Option A: Biological

Option B: Cognitive

Option C: Psychological

Option D: Behavioral

Correct Answer: Biological ✔

Option A: Oral

Option B: Anal

Option C: Phallic

Option D: Latency

Correct Answer: Latency ✔

Option A: identical twins reared together

Option B: identical twins reared apart

Option C: fraternal twins reared together

Option D: non-twins reared together

Correct Answer: identical twins reared apart ✔

Option A: Cardinal

Option B: Secondary

Option C: Central

Option D: Source

Correct Answer: Cardinal ✔

Option A: Introversion

Option B: Melancholy

Option C: Extroversion

Option D: Neuroticism

Correct Answer: Melancholy ✔

Option A: 3

Option B: 10

Option C: 7

Option D: 5

Correct Answer: 5 ✔

Option A: The accuracy of the results is a function of the honesty of the respondent

Option B: Respondents may attempt to answer in a way that makes them look good

Option C: There is sometimes a problem with “yea-sayers” or “nay-sayers.”

Option D: They are objective measures that are easy to administer and score

Correct Answer: They are objective measures that are easy to administer and score ✔

Option A: largely positive effects

Option B: largely negative effects

Option C: surprisingly little effect

Option D: a powerful effect

Correct Answer: surprisingly little effect ✔

Option A: Maslow

Option B: Galen

Option C: Hippocrates

Option D: Eysenck

Correct Answer: Maslow ✔

Option A: compensation

Option B: projection

Option C: identification

Option D: repression

Correct Answer: projection ✔

Option A: social influence

Option B: an internal locus of control

Option C: self-serving bias

Option D: individualism

Correct Answer: social influence ✔